Several types of diabetes are known, the two main groups being type 1 diabetes (formerly known as IDDM: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and type 2 diabetes (formerly known as NIDDM: non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), in addition to gestational diabetes. In determining each type, it is irrelevant what therapy the patient is currently being treated with, so it is not possible to categorize the disease based on whether the patient is being treated with medication or insulin therapy, as both therapies may occur in type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 DM
In most cases, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas (Figure 1).
The common part between the virus infection and the death of the beta cells stems from the common proteins on the surface which are being recognized by the immune cells and the consequently produced antibodies against the pathogens.
As a result, the pancreas