Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.
- Lactic acid (LACTATE)
- Amino acids (ALANINE)
- Glycerol
- Propionic acid
In gluconeogenesis, the involved enzymes are almost (90%) the same as the glycolytic ones, but there are 3+1 irreversible reactions in which different enzymes are needed:
- Pyruvate carboxylase
- PEP carboxykinase
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
- Glucose-6-P phosphatase
| Name of the enzyme | Function |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) | makes lactate from pyruvate makes pyruvate from lactate |
| Pyruvate carboxylase | converts pyruvate into OAA |
| PEP carboxykinase | converts OAA into PEP |
| Enolase | generates 2-PG |
| PG mutase | generates 3-PG from |