Translation is the second step of gene expression following transcription in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) synthesize proteins.

Steps of RNA translation (Credit: Kelvinsong, CC BY-SA 4.0)

The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA determines the amino acid sequence of the protein that would be made. The region of the mRNA that can transcribe for a functional protein is known as the Open Reading Frame.

The mRNA is made up of codons which are sets of 3 nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid. There are 64 codons and altogether, this is code the genetic code.

There is a

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