Population genetics is a branch of genetics that studies the genotype and genomic distributions in a population.
Before we start, let us define two important terms here

  1. Genotypic frequencies
  2. Allelic frequencies

Genotypic frequencies

This is how much a certain genotype occurs in the population.

For example, let us take the gene 'B' for black hair. Those with BB and Bb have black hair, those with bb have blonde hair. In a certain population, the following numbers were taken;

Homozygous dominant(BB):  234

Heterozygous(Bb): 132

Homozygous recessive(bb): 43

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