Transformation is a method of genetic exchange where the bacteria takes up foreign DNA from the environment and incoporates it into its own DNA.
The ability of a bacteria cell to take up foreign DNA across the plasma membrane is known as competence and cells that have this ability are known as competent cells. The foreign DNA that is taken up can combine with the bacterial DNA.
Transformation is important because it helps bacteria to acquire virulence factors such as toxins(that cause harm to human tissues) and