The peritoneum is a continuous layer of connective tissue separating organs from body walls, resembling a collapsed sac, much like the pleurae of the lungs, and pericardium of the heart.

Figure 1. Cross-section of the abdomen showing the peritoneum

Description

The peritoneum is divided into the visceral part (lines the viscera — organs) and a parietal part (facing body walls), forming the peritoneal cavity in between.

  • In men, the peritoneum is completely sealed, while in women, the uterine tubes form openings in the peritoneum.
  • The visceral peritoneum is sensitive to stretching and chemical irritations.
  • The parietal peritoneum is sensitive to touch, heat and cold.
  • The peritoneum consists of squamous epithelium — mesothelium, made of mesothelial cells, and it develops from the mesoderm lining the body wall.

Functions

  1. Compartmentalization
  2. Protection — waterproof barrier
  3. Lubrication to prevent friction and allow movement of organs
  4. Fat storage

Folds

Peritoneal folds are formed by multiple layers of the peritoneum. These folds are named according to the organ they come in contact with:

  • Omenta —

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