Description

The orbits are bilateral bone cavities that contain and protect the eyeball and accessory visual structures.

They are located in the superior half of the face and have a characteristic quadrangular pyramidal shape.

Due to their pyramidal shape, each orbit has a roof (superiorly), four walls, and a floor (inferiorly). The lateral sides of this structure are the most exposed, while the medial walls extend farther anteriorly than the lateral. 

Bones

The osseous components of the orbits are:

  • Roof
    • The frontal 
    • The sphenoid 
  • Floor
    • The orbital surface of the maxilla 
    • The zygomatic
    • The orbital process of the palatine 
    • The ethmoid
    • The sphenoid 
  • Medial walls
    • The frontal process of the maxilla
    • The lacrimal 
    • The orbital plate of the ethmoid
    • The sphenoid 
  • Lateral walls
    • The frontal process of the zygomatic
    • The greater wing of the sphenoid
  • Apex
    • The lesser wing of the sphenoid

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