Urinary tract infections
UTIs are typically spread as an ascending infection, but they can also be spread hematogenously, or directly (tissue destruction or through a penetrating injury).
Females are at a greater risk for UTIs. Certain drugs such as SGLT2 inhibitors can increase the risk for UTIs.
Classification
Urinary tract infections are generally classified based on the presentation, location, risk factors, and source of infection.
Presentation
- Asymptomatic (asymptomatic bacteruria)
- Symptomatic
Location
- Upper UTIs
- Kidney (pyelonephritis)
- Lower UTIs
- Urinary bladder (cystitis)
- Urethra
- Prostate
Risk factors
- Complicated UTI
- Requiring catheterization
- Secondary to structural abnormality, metabolic or neurological disorders
- Immune-compromized
- Pregnant
- Diabetics
- Renal transplants
- Atypical microorganisms
- Uncomplicated UTI
Source of infection
- Community-acquried. Due to bad hygiene and intercorse.
- Mostly E. coli, Staph. saprophiticus (in young women).
- Hospital-acquired.