Renal artery thrombosis
A rare and life-threatening condition in which one or both renal arteries become occluded by a thrombus, leading to reduced perfusion and AKI.
- The most common cause of renal artery thrombosis is thromboembolism originating in the heart or large arteries.
- Risk factors include hypercoagulability (smoking, contraceptives, inflammation), DM
- Other reasons may be polycythemia vera, SLE, and iatrogenically (surgical procedures)
- Often misdiagnosed, as the symptom is flank pain
- Untreated, my proceed to kidney infarction
Investigations
- CT angio
- Ecocardiography to rule out intramural thrombosis (afib, prosthetic valve)
- LDH
- Urinalysis
Therapy
- Heparin, DOAC
Renal vein thrombosis
A rare condition in which one or both renal veins become occluded by a thrombus.
- Mostly seen in children with severe dehydration
- In adults, it is associated with malignancy (most common, RCC invasion), nephrotic syndrome, and hypercoagulable states, renal transplantation
- Thrombosis of the left renal vein (more common) will involve