The restriction point control and the role of p53 in the life of cells

• The DNA damage checkpoint is extremely important because it can hold the cell in G1 or induce apoptosis or if the size of the defect is manageable, to correct the defect.
• The ATM protein transmits information about DNA damage to p53, which induces the CDK inhibitor p21, which holds the cell in G1.
• P53 contains separate domains for transcription activation, DNA binding, oligomerization, and binding to damaged DNA.
• MDM2 binding to p53 inhibits transactivation and degrades p53 – however, by ATM, DNA-PK, ATR serine phosphorylation, they can inhibit MDM2 binding, stabilizing

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