Definitions

  • Central dogma: The process of DNA -> RNA -> PROTEIN
  • Transcription: copying the information from DNA into mRNA (messenger RNA)
  • Processing: removal of extra nucleotides, post-transcriptional modification, stabilizing the RNA transcript
  • Micro RNA (miRNA): a small non-coding RNA molecule with 10-22 nucleotides,  functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of the gene expression

Requirement steps -microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis

  1. Chromatin change into the active form (Eukaryotic genome organization in general (definitions))
  2. Transcription factor binds to the opened sequence’s promoter region
  3. Control elements bind to the sequence of the current gene (enhancers, silencers, special transcriptional factors)
  4. Activation of RNA polymerase II
  5. Transcription – production of the primary-PRE-miRNA
  6. pre-miRNA hairpins are exported to the cytoplasm
  7. Processed into double-stranded miRNAs by Dicer
  8. Guide strands in the duplex are incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)
  9. Transport to the cytosol
  10. miRNA dependent gene silencing

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