Acute leukemias
| AML | ALL | |
|---|---|---|
| Genetics | Proliferative: FLT3, JAK-2, C-KIT, ABL1 Inhibition of differentiation: RARA, NPM1 Epigenetic modulators: DNMT3A | NOTCH1, WT1, EZH2 t(12;21), t(9;22) |
| Epidemiology | Older adults | Children and older adults |
| Staging/classification | FAB (M0-M7) WHO (I-VI) | FAB (L1-L3) WHO (13 groups) |
| Additional information | Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a type of AML, WHO class I with t(15;17) RA receptors are disrupted, promyelocytes accumulate with Auer rods (MPO aggregation; risk for DIC) | t(12;21) has a good prognosis, mostly seen in children t(9;22) has a bad prognosis, mostly seen in adults (Philadelphia chromosome; BCR-ABL fusion) |
| Treatment | Induction: Cytarabine + anthracyclin (7+3) Postinduction: Several doses of high-dose cytarabine In FLT3 mutations: midostaurin Anti-CD33 |