{"id":9966,"date":"2022-01-08T12:30:32","date_gmt":"2022-01-08T10:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-malnutrition-vitamin-deficiencies-2\/"},"modified":"2022-01-09T23:48:30","modified_gmt":"2022-01-09T21:48:30","slug":"eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-malnutrition-vitamin-deficiencies-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-bulimia-nervosa-malnutrition-vitamin-deficiencies-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa. Malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Anorexia nervosa<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric condition in which one is constantly preoccupied with their weight and body image, excessive fear of obesity, diet, calorie counting and restriction, and exercise, in spite of being underweight, leading to dangerously low body weight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Most commonly affects teenage girls.<\/li><li>Divided into two types:<ul><li><strong>Restricting type<\/strong>. Constant calorie restriction with little to no episodes of binge-eating.<\/li><li><strong>Binge-eating\/purging type<\/strong>. Recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by self-indueced emesis or diarrhea.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Patients may become undernourished, and lose substanitial amount of weight, leading to deficiencies and hormone dysbalance (amenorrhea and infertility), sarcopnea, and electrolyte imbalances.<\/li><li>The diagnosis is clinical.<\/li><li>Treatment is through cognitive-behavioral therapy, supplements, and antipsychotics.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Bulimia nervosa<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by self-induced emesis or diarrhea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although it fits the <strong>binge-eating\/purging type<\/strong> of anorexia nervosa, the major difference is that in bulimia nervosa, the patient also has a significantly low body weight, while in bulimia nervosa the patient is at a normal weight\/overweight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recurrent emesis may lead to malnourishment, electrolyte and fluid imbalances, along with esophageal and stomach tears, as well as tooth erosion.<\/li><li>A tell-tale sign is damaged skin and scarring around the knuckles of the thumb, index, or 3rd finger, resulting from recurrent contact with the frontal teeth.<\/li><li>Treatment is through cognitive-behavioral therapy, supplements, and SSRIs.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Malnutrition<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malnutrition is usually used synonymously with <strong>undernutrition<\/strong>, however, this is not the case, as malnutrition includes both undernutrition and <strong>overnutrition<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Undernutirition stems from inadequate intake compared to the organism&#8217;s requirements.<\/li><li>It may involve one or a combination of <strong>insufficient caloric<\/strong>, <strong>protein<\/strong>, or <strong>micronutrient <\/strong>(vitamins, minerals) intake.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Etiology<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Restrictive and\/or unbalanced diets<\/li><li>Old age<\/li><li>Anorexia\/bulima nervosa<\/li><li>Malabsorption<\/li><li>Certain drugs that decrease appetite (digoxin, stimulants)<\/li><li>Disabilities (chewing\/swallowing\/GI disorders)<\/li><li>Cancer<\/li><li>Hyperthyroidism<\/li><li>Alcoholism<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Diagnosis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Medical history<\/li><li>Serum albumin levels<\/li><li>Blood panels<\/li><li>Tests for malabsorption (anti-TTG antibodies, occult fecal blood test, colonoscopy)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Vitamin deficiencies<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common vitamin deficiencies include vitamin A, B1, B6, B12, D, and K.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><thead><tr><th>Vitamin<\/th><th>Condition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A<\/td><td>Blindness, xerophthalmia, keratinization of mucosal tissues<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B1<\/td><td>Beriberi (neurological symptoms, heart failure)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B3<\/td><td>Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B12<\/td><td>Megaloblastic anemia, neurological symptoms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C<\/td><td>Scurvy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D<\/td><td>Osteomalacia and rickets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>K<\/td><td>Coagulation disorders <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption>Table 1. Vitamin deficiencies and their associated conditions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anorexia nervosa<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bulimia nervosa<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Malnutrition<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiology<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnosis<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vitamin deficiencies<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric condition in which one is constantly preoccupied with their weight and body image, excessive fear of obesity, diet, calorie counting and restriction, and exercise, in spite of being underweight, leading to dangerously low body weight. Most commonly affects teenage girls. Divided into two types: Restricting type. Constant calorie [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9852,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9966","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa. 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