{"id":9884,"date":"2022-01-05T18:13:09","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T16:13:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\/"},"modified":"2022-01-25T01:03:57","modified_gmt":"2022-01-24T23:03:57","slug":"lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\/","title":{"rendered":"Lipid metabolism disorders, classification, complications"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Introduction<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lipid metabolism disorders are characterized by an increased serum concentration of lipoproteins and\/or lipids (dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Dyslipidemia<\/strong> is a disturbance in the balance of the serum lipids (elevated VLDL and LDL, and decreased HDL)<\/li><li>Generally, VLDL and LDL contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, while HDL is considered protective against it.<\/li><li>Lipid metabolism disorders can be <strong>primary<\/strong> or <strong>secondary<\/strong>.<ul><li><strong>Primary <\/strong>lipid metabolism disorders are congenital.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Secondary <\/strong>lipid metabolism disorders result from obesity, diabetes, liver and billiary disorders, hypothyroidism, renal disease, and certain drugs (ethanol, thiazides, glucocorticoids).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Presents with systemic atherosclerosis (CAD, peripheral arterial disease, renal artery stenosis), xanthomas and xanthalasmas, and fatty liver.<\/li><li><strong>Diagnosis <\/strong>using lipid blood tests, lipoprotein(a) test, genetic tests (definitive).<ul><li>Normal total cholesterol: &lt;200mg\/dL<\/li><li>Normal LDL: &lt;100mg\/dL<\/li><li>Normal HDL: &gt;60mg\/dL<\/li><li>Normal TAGs: &lt;150mg\/dL<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Treatment<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-lowering-treatment\/\">Lipid-lowering treatment<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Primary lipid metabolism disorders<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Patients with primary lipid metabolism disorders present with very high levels of cholesterol\/TAGs at a young age, especially in homozygous patients. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Patients usually develop cardiovascular disease and complications before the age of 20.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Classification<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are several classification systems for primary lipid metabolism disorders. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A major one being used is the <strong>Fredrickson classification system<\/strong> which is based on the phenotype (increased lipoprotein and affected lipids); its drawback is that it does not take HDL disorders into account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><thead><tr><th>Type<\/th><th>Increased lipoprotein<\/th><th>Affected lipids<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>I<\/td><td>Chylomicrons<\/td><td>TAGs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IIa<\/td><td>LDL<\/td><td>Total cholesterol<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IIb<\/td><td>LDL and VLDL<\/td><td>Total cholesterol and TAGs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>III<\/td><td>Remnants of chylomicrons and VLDL<\/td><td>Total cholesterol and TAGs <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IV<\/td><td>VLDL<\/td><td>TAGs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V<\/td><td>Chylomicrons and VLDL<\/td><td>Total cholesterol and TAGs <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><strong>Table 1. Fredrickson<\/strong> <strong>classification of primary lipid disorders<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Examples<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Familial hypercholesterolemia<\/strong> <ul><li>Fredrickson type IIa.<\/li><li>Defect in the LDL receptor\/PCSK9\/ApoB-100 genes. Cholesterol cannot enter the cells, leading to increase in LDL production.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Familial combined hypercholesterolemia<\/strong><ul><li>Fredrickson type IIb. <\/li><li>Increase in ApoB-containing VLDL and LDL<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Dysbetalipoproteinemia<\/strong>. <ul><li>Fredrickson type III. <\/li><li>Also known as <strong>remnant removal disease<\/strong>, in which there&#8217;s a defect in ApoE, leading to the accumulation of remnants of chylomicrons and VLDL in the form of IDL.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Familial hypertriglyceridemia<\/strong><ul><li>Fredrickson type IV<\/li><li>Lipoprotein lipase deficiency, resulting in increased TAG levels.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia<\/strong><ul><li>Unclassified<\/li><li>Rare form, in which HDL level is decreased.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Primary lipid metabolism disorders<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classification<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Lipid metabolism disorders are characterized by an increased serum concentration of lipoproteins and\/or lipids (dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia). Dyslipidemia is a disturbance in the balance of the serum lipids (elevated VLDL and LDL, and decreased HDL) Generally, VLDL and LDL contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, while HDL is considered protective against it. Lipid [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9852,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9884","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lipid metabolism disorders, classification, complications &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lipid metabolism disorders, classification, complications &#8211; Meddists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-01-05T16:13:09+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-01-24T23:03:57+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Clinical\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Internal medicine\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Metabolism\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Lipid metabolism disorders, classification, complications\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\",\"name\":\"Meddists\",\"description\":\"Let&#039;s Get Studying\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lipid metabolism disorders, classification, complications &#8211; Meddists","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\/","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\/","name":"Lipid metabolism disorders, classification, complications &#8211; Meddists","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-01-05T16:13:09+00:00","dateModified":"2022-01-24T23:03:57+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/lipid-metabolism-disorders-classification-complications\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Clinical","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Internal medicine","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Metabolism","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Lipid metabolism disorders, classification, complications"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/","name":"Meddists","description":"Let&#039;s Get Studying","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9884"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10255,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9884\/revisions\/10255"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}