{"id":9551,"date":"2021-12-26T22:23:57","date_gmt":"2021-12-26T20:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/cardiology\/acquired-valvulopathy-tricuspidal-and-pulmonary-valve-diseases\/"},"modified":"2021-12-28T00:48:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-27T22:48:10","slug":"acquired-valvulopathy-tricuspidal-and-pulmonary-valve-diseases","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/cardiology\/acquired-valvulopathy-tricuspidal-and-pulmonary-valve-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"Acquired valvulopathy: tricuspidal and pulmonary valve diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Tricuspid valve<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Tricuspid stenosis<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TS is the narrowing of the tricuspid orifice, leading to the obstruction of blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In most cases, TS is due to <strong>rheumatic fever<\/strong>. Other, rare causes include SLE and tumors.<\/li><li>TS is also usually present.<\/li><li>The right atrium becomes dilated (eccentric hypetrophy), leading to AF, right-sided HF, and reduced CO.<\/li><li>Presents with fatigue and cold skin, distended veins in the head and neck, prominent a wave (atrial contraction) in JVP, edema, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Treatment<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Diuretics<\/li><li>Rarely, valve repair or replacement<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Tricuspid regurgitation<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TR is the failure of the tricuspid valve to close completely during systole, allowing backflow into the right atrium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Most adults have a mild physiological TR.<\/li><li>Can be <strong>primary <\/strong>or <strong>secondary <\/strong>(more commonly).<ul><li>Most commonly, it is caused secondary to RV dilation (RV failure, infarction)<\/li><li>Primary causes include infective endocarditis, rheumatic fever, congenital defects, SLE.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Usually presents without symptoms; in severe cases, it may present similar to TS, with similar outcome (AF, right-sided HF, reduced CO).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Treatment<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Treatment of the secondary cause<\/li><li>Sometimes valve repair or replacement<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Diagnosis of TS and TR<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Physical exam.<\/strong> <ul><li>The murmurs can be heard best at the lower left sternal border.<\/li><li><strong>TS <\/strong>appears with a soft opening snap, and mid-diastolic cresendo-decresendo murmur, brcoming louder with inspiration (increased venous return).<\/li><li><strong>TR<\/strong> appears with a holosystolic murmur.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>ECG demonstrating RA enlargement.<\/li><li>Echocardiography<\/li><li>Elevated liver enzymes<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Pulmonary valve<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Pulmonary stenosis<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pulmonary stenosis is the narrowing of the pulmonary orifice, leading to the obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle into the lungs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Most often it is congenital, commonly being a component of the <strong>tetralogy of Fallot<\/strong>.<ul><li>Tetralogy of Fallot consists of pulomary stenosis, VSD, and RVH.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>It is typically asymptomatic until adulthood, presenting with symptoms similar to aortic stenosis (dyspnea, syncope, angina).<\/li><li>It leads to RVH, increased venous pressure, and prominent a wave (atrial contraction) in JVP.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Diagnosis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Physical exam.<\/strong> <ul><li>Mid-systolic diamon-shaped cresendo-decresendo murmur (S1-S2).<\/li><li>It does not radiate (unlike the murmur from aortic stenosis).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>ECG demonstrating RA enlargement.<\/li><li>Echocardiography<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Treatment<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_10\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes valve repair or replacement.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_11\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Pulmonary regurgitation<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_11\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pulmonary regurgitation occurs due to the incompetence of the pulmonary valve, resulting in the backflow of blood into the right ventricle during diastole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Almost always occurs due to <strong>pulmonary artery hypertension<\/strong>, which is the actual bigger problem rather than the PR itself.<\/li><li>Other causes include congenital disorders and infective endocarditis.<\/li><li>The PAH leads to RVH which eventually may dilate and lead to heart failure (PR is only a minor contributor).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_12\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Diagnosis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_12\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Physical exam.<ul><li>Early diastolic, high-pitched decresendo murmur (S2-S1).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>ECG<\/li><li>Echocardiography<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_13\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Treatment<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_13\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Treat the cause of PAH<\/li><li>Sometimes valve repair or replacement<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tricuspid valve<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tricuspid stenosis<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tricuspid regurgitation<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnosis of TS and TR<\/h3><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pulmonary valve<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pulmonary stenosis<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnosis<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pulmonary regurgitation<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnosis<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tricuspid valve Tricuspid stenosis TS is the narrowing of the tricuspid orifice, leading to the obstruction of blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. In most cases, TS is due to rheumatic fever. Other, rare causes include SLE and tumors. TS is also usually present. The right atrium becomes dilated (eccentric hypetrophy), [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":410,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9551","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Acquired valvulopathy: tricuspidal and pulmonary valve diseases &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/cardiology\/acquired-valvulopathy-tricuspidal-and-pulmonary-valve-diseases\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/cardiology\\\/acquired-valvulopathy-tricuspidal-and-pulmonary-valve-diseases\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/cardiology\\\/acquired-valvulopathy-tricuspidal-and-pulmonary-valve-diseases\\\/\",\"name\":\"Acquired valvulopathy: tricuspidal and pulmonary valve diseases &#8211; 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