{"id":9336,"date":"2021-12-19T00:25:23","date_gmt":"2021-12-18T22:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/secondary-immunodeficiencies-with-the-exception-of-aids\/"},"modified":"2022-02-10T19:54:48","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T17:54:48","slug":"secondary-immunodeficiencies-with-the-exception-of-aids","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/secondary-immunodeficiencies-with-the-exception-of-aids\/","title":{"rendered":"Secondary immunodeficiencies (with the exception of AIDS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Introduction<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

Secondary immunodeficiencies arise in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Malnutrition<\/li>
  • Chronic diseases<\/li>
  • Infections<\/li>
  • Renal disorders<\/li>
  • Iatrogenic<\/li>
  • Hematological disorders and cancers<\/li>
  • Burns<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    The treatment should focus on resolving the cause of the immune deficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Malnutrition<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

    Malnutrition is the leading cause of immunodeficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • In can consist of any or a combination of caloric<\/strong>, macronutrient<\/strong>, and micronutrient deficiency<\/strong>.<\/li>
    • It can arise due to malabsorption, maldigestion, or poor diet (starvation, restrictive diets, alcoholism).<\/li>
    • Nearly all micronutrients are important for the proper function of the immune system.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

      Chronic diseases<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
      • Uncontrolled diabetes<\/strong>. Hyperglycemia impairs the immune system, and infections are more common in diabetics than the normal population.<\/li>
      • Cirrhosis and other liver dysfunctions. <\/strong>Damage to the immune surveillance functions of the liver and reduced synthesis of proteins with important immunological functions.<\/li>
      • Disorders of the intestines<\/strong>. Can lead to the loss of lymphocytes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

        Infections<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
        • HIV and AIDS<\/li>
        • EBV<\/li>
        • CMV<\/li>
        • Measles<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

          Renal disorders<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

          Loss of serum proteins (albumin and immunoglobulins) in nephrotic syndrome and CKD.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

          Iatrogenic<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

          Immune system suppression as a treatment for autoimmunity, or organ transplantation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          • Corticosteroids<\/li>
          • Methotrexate<\/li>
          • Cyclophosphamide<\/li>
          • Mycophenolate mofetil<\/li>
          • Tacrolimus<\/li>
          • Biologics (rituximab, infliximab)<\/li>
          • Irradiation<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

            Hematological disorders and cancer<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
            • Aplastic anemia<\/li>
            • HL<\/li>
            • CLL<\/li>
            • Multiple myeloma<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span>

              Introduction<\/h4>

              Malnutrition<\/h4>

              Chronic diseases<\/h4>

              Infections<\/h4>

              Renal disorders<\/h4>

              Iatrogenic<\/h4>

              Hematological disorders and cancer<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Introduction Secondary immunodeficiencies arise in: Malnutrition Chronic diseases Infections Renal disorders Iatrogenic Hematological disorders and cancers Burns The treatment should focus on resolving the cause of the immune deficiency. Malnutrition Malnutrition is the leading cause of immunodeficiency. In can consist of any or a combination of caloric, macronutrient, and micronutrient deficiency. It can arise due […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9306,"menu_order":14,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9336","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nSecondary immunodeficiencies (with the exception of AIDS) – Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/secondary-immunodeficiencies-with-the-exception-of-aids\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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