{"id":9322,"date":"2021-12-19T00:23:58","date_gmt":"2021-12-18T22:23:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\/"},"modified":"2022-07-06T16:50:24","modified_gmt":"2022-07-06T14:50:24","slug":"idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\/","title":{"rendered":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, classification)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a collective name for a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by inflammatory changes in the muscles and other tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"classification\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"classification\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Classification<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IIM can be classified into 4 groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dermatomyositis (DM)<\/li><li>Overlap myositis (OM)<\/li><li>Inclusion body myositis (IBM)<\/li><li>Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some authors refer to polymyositis (PM) as a member of IIM, while others describe it as a CTD-associated myositis.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"clinical-presentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"clinical-presentation\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Clinical presentation<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>All of the IIMs except for IBM present with proximal muscle weakness with elevated CK levels.<\/li><li>IBM presents with specific muscle group weakness (long flexors of the hand and quadriceps) and normal\/slightly elevated CK levels.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"symptoms-and-additional-information\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"symptoms-and-additional-information\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Symptoms and additional information<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">General symptoms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Muscle weakness, difficulty to perform day-to-day activities such as climbing the stairs, washing, standing up<ul><li>Apart from IBM, shoulder and hip girdle muscles are the most affected<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Neck and throat muscle involvement causing dysphagia and dysphonia<\/li><li>Sleep apnea (morning headache, weakness and somnolence after waking up)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dermatomyositis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dermatomyositis\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Dermatomyositis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Skin atrophy, erythema, and papules<\/li><li><strong>Gottron&#8217;s papules<\/strong> on the dorsum of the hand and elbows, and <strong>heliotrope rash<\/strong> on the face<\/li><li>Photosensitivity<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In most patients, the skin symptoms appear prior to the muscle weakness. Patients with dermatomyositis are at increased risk for certain types of cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"overlap-myositis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"overlap-myositis\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Overlap myositis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May display symptoms of <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Arthritis<\/li><li>Dactylitis<\/li><li>Sclerodactylyl<\/li><li>Dysphagia<\/li><li>Raynaud phenomenon<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"inclusion-body-myositis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"inclusion-body-myositis\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Inclusion body myositis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Muscle weakness and atrophy (quadriceps and finger flexors)<\/li><li>Later on, it becomes generalized and affects other muscles as well<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"necrotizing-autoimmune-myopathy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"necrotizing-autoimmune-myopathy\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May present with cardiopulmonary manifestations.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diagnosis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diagnosis\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Diagnosis<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Clinical examination (presence of muscle weakness and atrophy)<\/li><li>Blood tests (CK elevation)<\/li><li>Serologic tests<ul><li>Myositis antibody panel<ul><li>Anti-Mi2, anti-TIF1-\u03b3, anti-MDA5<\/li><li>HMGCR antibodies (necrotizing autoimmune myositis)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>ANA, anti-dsDNA, and ENA panel (in association with CTD)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>EMG<\/li><li>US<\/li><li>MRI<\/li><li>Muscle biopsy<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"treatment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"treatment\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Treatment<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Physiotherapy<\/li><li>Corticosteroids (prednisolone 1mg\/kg IV for 4-6 weeks)<\/li><li>DMARDs (methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine) in moderately severe cases<\/li><li>IVIG for severe cases<\/li><li>Rituximab<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"classification\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"classification\">Classification<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"clinical-presentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"clinical-presentation\">Clinical presentation<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"symptoms-and-additional-information\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"symptoms-and-additional-information\">Symptoms and additional information<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dermatomyositis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dermatomyositis\">Dermatomyositis<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"overlap-myositis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"overlap-myositis\">Overlap myositis<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"inclusion-body-myositis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"inclusion-body-myositis\">Inclusion body myositis<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"necrotizing-autoimmune-myopathy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"necrotizing-autoimmune-myopathy\">Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diagnosis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"diagnosis\">Diagnosis<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"treatment\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"treatment\">Treatment<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a collective name for a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by inflammatory changes in the muscles and other tissues. Classification IIM can be classified into 4 groups: Dermatomyositis (DM) Overlap myositis (OM) Inclusion body myositis (IBM) Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) Some authors refer to polymyositis (PM) as a member of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9306,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9322","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, classification) &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/immunology\\\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/immunology\\\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\\\/\",\"name\":\"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, classification) &#8211; Meddists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-18T22:23:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-06T14:50:24+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/immunology\\\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/immunology\\\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/immunology\\\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Clinical\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Internal medicine\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Immunology\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/immunology\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, classification)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\",\"name\":\"Meddists\",\"description\":\"Let&#039;s Get Studying\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, classification) &#8211; Meddists","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\/","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\/","name":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, classification) &#8211; Meddists","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-12-18T22:23:58+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-06T14:50:24+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/idiopathic-inflammatory-myopathies-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-classification\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Clinical","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Internal medicine","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Immunology","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, classification)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/","name":"Meddists","description":"Let&#039;s Get Studying","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9322"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10907,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9322\/revisions\/10907"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}