{"id":9318,"date":"2021-12-19T00:23:58","date_gmt":"2021-12-18T22:23:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/sjogrens-syndrome-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment\/"},"modified":"2021-12-23T13:22:22","modified_gmt":"2021-12-23T11:22:22","slug":"sjogrens-syndrome-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/sjogrens-syndrome-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome is a\u00a0chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Presents with dry eyes (<strong>xeropthalmia<\/strong>) and dry mouth (<strong>xerostomia<\/strong>).<\/li><li>Lymphocytes (mostly T-helper cells) infiltrate salivary and lacrimal glandular tissues and destroy it (type IV hypersensitivity).<\/li><li>Increased risk for NHL, which is the most common cause of death.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Forms<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome can be primary or secondary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Primary form, known as <strong>sicca syndrome<\/strong><\/li><li>Secondary\u00a0form (more common) is associated with another connective tissue disease (rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, systemic sclerosis)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Clinical presentation<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Xeropthalmia; redness, burning, blurred vision<\/li><li>Xerostomia; tooth decay<\/li><li>Swollen parotid glands<\/li><li>Vaginal dryness<\/li><li>Arthritis<\/li><li>Nephritis<\/li><li>Vasculitis<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Diagnosis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Schrimer test<\/strong> uses a special paper to measure tear production.<\/li><li><strong>Salivary flow test<\/strong> measures saliva production by spitting into a tube.<\/li><li>Serology<ul><li>ANA (present in almost all patients)<\/li><li>RF (present in most patients)<\/li><li>Ro (anti-SSA) and La (anti-SSB); Ro is associated with more severe disease and maternal-fetal complications.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Salivary gland biopsy (not always necessary)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other techniques may include a simple test in which the patient is asked to eat a dry cracker; in patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome. <\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Treatment<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Artificial tears, and oral hygiene products<\/li><li>Parasympathomimetics (pilocarpine) to stimulate secretions.<\/li><li>NSAIDs<\/li><li>Treatment of secondary CTD<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Forms<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical presentation<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnosis<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome is a\u00a0chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands. Presents with dry eyes (xeropthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia). Lymphocytes (mostly T-helper cells) infiltrate salivary and lacrimal glandular tissues and destroy it (type IV hypersensitivity). Increased risk for NHL, which is the most common cause of death. Forms Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9306,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9318","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/immunology\/sjogrens-syndrome-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/immunology\\\/sjogrens-syndrome-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/immunology\\\/sjogrens-syndrome-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment &#8211; 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