{"id":8563,"date":"2021-11-30T07:46:05","date_gmt":"2021-11-30T05:46:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/rheumatology\/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis\/"},"modified":"2022-04-21T20:17:42","modified_gmt":"2022-04-21T18:17:42","slug":"juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/rheumatology\/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis\/","title":{"rendered":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a collection of several forms of chronic arthritis seen in children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>JIA is the most common rheumatologic pathology diagnosed in children.<\/li><li><strong>Clinical definition<\/strong>. JIA is defined as a joint swelling with the following characteristics:<ul><li>Occuring before the age of 16<\/li><li>Persisting more than 6 weeks<\/li><li>Unexplained by any other cause (i.e. diagnosis of exclusion)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Etiology.<\/strong> As its name suggests, this group of diseases is idiopathic.<ul><li><strong>Genetics<\/strong>. Associated with HLA-B27. <\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Classification<\/strong>. JIA can be classified into 7 subtypes (see Table 1).<\/li><li><strong>Clinical presentation<\/strong><ul><li>JIA may affect the joints, muscles, skin, and eyes. Some patients may be asymptomatic. The presentation depends on the type of the JIA. Slow disease progression.<\/li><li>The affected joints present with stiffness after rest, relieved by motion\/warmth. <\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Anterior uveitis typically appears in oligoarticular JIA.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Diagnosis<\/strong>. JIA is a diagnosis of exclusion.<ul><li>Clinical presentation<\/li><li>Serology: RF, ACPA, ANA<\/li><li>Eye examination<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Treatment<\/strong><ul><li>NSAIDs<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Intra-articular corticosteroids (oligoarthropathy); systemic corticosteroids are generally avoided<\/li><li>Methotrexate<\/li><li>Infliximab, and rituximab<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Complications<\/strong><ul><li>Flexion contracture and ankylosis<\/li><li>Growth failure (corticosteroids or due to anorexia due to chronic inflammation)<\/li><li>Osteoporosis<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Amyloidosis<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><thead><tr><th>Subtype<\/th><th>Characteristics<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Oligoarticular JIA<\/strong><\/td><td>Up to 4 joints affected<br>Most common form<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Seropositive polyarticular JIA<\/strong><\/td><td>At least 5 joints are affected<br>RF is positive<br>Analogous to adult RA<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Seronegative polyarticular JIA<\/strong><\/td><td>At least 5 joints are affected<br>RF is negative<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Juvenile psoriatic arthritis<\/strong><\/td><td>Positive history for psoriasis. Mostly affects young girls and adult men<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Enthesitis-related arthritis<\/strong><\/td><td>Inflammation of ligament insertions<br>The only form which is more common in boys<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Systemic JIA<\/strong><\/td><td>Also known as Still&#8217;s disease, more common in infants, with prominent extra articular (fatigue, fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, pleuritis, pericarditis).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Undifferentiated arthritis<\/strong><\/td><td>Does not fit any of the above subtypes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><strong>Table 1.<\/strong> Classification of JIA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a collection of several forms of chronic arthritis seen in children. JIA is the most common rheumatologic pathology diagnosed in children. Clinical definition. JIA is defined as a joint swelling with the following characteristics: Occuring before the age of 16 Persisting more than 6 weeks Unexplained by any other cause [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":8424,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8563","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/rheumatology\/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/rheumatology\\\/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/rheumatology\\\/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis\\\/\",\"name\":\"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis &#8211; 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