{"id":8307,"date":"2021-11-22T18:18:26","date_gmt":"2021-11-22T16:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/nephrology\/peritoneal-dialysis-options-technique-complications\/"},"modified":"2022-01-27T12:21:59","modified_gmt":"2022-01-27T10:21:59","slug":"peritoneal-dialysis-options-technique-complications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/nephrology\/peritoneal-dialysis-options-technique-complications\/","title":{"rendered":"Peritoneal dialysis options, technique, complications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dialysis is used for the filtration of blood in case of renal failure. Its purposes are to eliminate waste, balance the electrolytes, prevent uremia, improve patients&#8217; quality of life, and prolong it.<\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Indications<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Any of the following if resulting from renal insufficiency and unresponsive to other therapy:<ul><li>Fluid overload<\/li><li>Hyperkalemia<\/li><li>Hypercalcemia<\/li><li>Metabolic acidosis<\/li><li>Pericarditis<\/li><li>Uremia<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>GFR &lt;10<\/li><li>Diabetes + GFR &lt;15<\/li><li>Some toxins<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Types<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hemodialysis (HD)<\/li><li>Peritoneal dialysis (PD)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Peritoneal dialysis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneum is used as the filtration unit (&#8220;dialyzer&#8221;). It is used for chronic kidney failure. It is generally indicated for patients that have inadequate vascular access or prefer self-treatment (PD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A catheter is placed to gain access to the peritoneal cavity.<ul><li>The catheter exit point is typically pointed down to reduce infection.<\/li><li>Peritoneal equilibrium test should be performed after healing, to help determine the appropriate dose and method of dialysis.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>The dialysate is pumped into the peritoneal cavity through the catheter.<ul><li>Similarly to what happens in the dialyzer, the waste products are transferred into the dialysate, and then the dialysate is pumped out.<\/li><li>The peritoneum performs as the semipermeable membrane.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Peritoneal dialysis is done manually (CAPD, IPD) or automatically (APD).<ul><li><strong><strong>Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)<\/strong>: Does not require a machine. Exchanges, often referred to as &#8220;passes,&#8221; can be done three to five times a day, during waking hours.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><strong>Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD)<\/strong>: Requires the use of a special dialysis machine that can be used in the home. This type of dialysis is done automatically, even while you are asleep.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><strong>Intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD)<\/strong>: Uses the same type of machine as CCPD, but treatments take longer. IPD can be done at home, but it is usually in the hospital.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Compared to hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis requires much better care and sterility.<\/li><li>Important complications of peritoneal dialysis are peritonitis, and exit site infections.<ul><li>Peritonitis presents with abdominal pain and cloudy peritoneal fluid.<\/li><li>Empiric treatment should be started immediately against gram-positive bacteria (vancomycin), as the most common infectious agent is S. aureus.<\/li><li>Glucose-containing dialysate can cause hyperglycemia and disrupt glycemic control.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Contraindications include abdominal and GIT conditions (wounds, infections, defects and leaks).<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Indications<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Peritoneal dialysis<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dialysis is used for the filtration of blood in case of renal failure. Its purposes are to eliminate waste, balance the electrolytes, prevent uremia, improve patients&#8217; quality of life, and prolong it. Indications Any of the following if resulting from renal insufficiency and unresponsive to other therapy: Fluid overload Hyperkalemia Hypercalcemia Metabolic acidosis Pericarditis Uremia [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":685,"menu_order":16,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8307","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Peritoneal dialysis options, technique, complications &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/nephrology\/peritoneal-dialysis-options-technique-complications\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/nephrology\\\/peritoneal-dialysis-options-technique-complications\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/nephrology\\\/peritoneal-dialysis-options-technique-complications\\\/\",\"name\":\"Peritoneal dialysis options, technique, complications &#8211; 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