{"id":7616,"date":"2021-10-20T07:04:52","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T05:04:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/skull\/views-of-the-skull\/external-cranial-base\/"},"modified":"2021-10-20T21:36:30","modified_gmt":"2021-10-20T19:36:30","slug":"external-cranial-base","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/skull\/views-of-the-skull\/external-cranial-base\/","title":{"rendered":"External cranial base"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The cranial base is the inferior portion of the neurocranium and viscerocranium.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The base of the cranium can be viewed from outside (external view<\/strong>) from an inferior view with the mandible removed, or inside (internal view<\/strong>) from a superior view with the calvaria (skullcap) removed, exposing the cranial fossae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Landmarks<\/h3>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

The following landmarks can be found in the external cranial base:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Alveolar arch of the maxillae<\/li>
  2. Palatine processes of the maxillae<\/li>
  3. Palatine bone<\/li>
  4. Sphenoid bone <\/li>
  5. Vomer<\/li>
  6. Temporal bones<\/li>
  7. Occipital bone<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Division<\/h3>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

    The external cranial base can be divided into anterior<\/strong>, middle<\/strong>, and posterior parts<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Part<\/th>Bones<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    Anterior<\/td>Maxillae
    Palatine<\/td><\/tr>
    Middle<\/td>Sphenoid
    Temporal<\/td><\/tr>
    Posterior<\/td>Occipital<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Anterior part of the external cranial base<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
    • The palatal processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones, form the hard palate.<\/li>
    • The incisive foramen, a depression in the medial surface of the hard palate, locates posterior to the central incisor teeth.<\/li>
    • The greater and lesser palatine foramina are placed posterolaterally.<\/li>
    • At the posterior border of the palate are two large apertures: the choanae.
      • Each choana (posterior nasal aperture) is separate from the other in the midline by the vomer.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

        Middle part of the extermal cranial base<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
        • The body of the sphenoid in collaboration with the petrous surfaces of the temporal bones, and the basilar part of the occipital bone, form the middle part of the external cranial base.<\/li>
        • This middle section of the external cranial base prolongs from the choanae to the anterior border of the foramen magnum.<\/li>
        • At each side of the sphenoid extend inferiorly the lateral and medial pterygoid plates, forming the pterygoid processes.<\/li>
        • The cartilaginous part of the auditory tube has its groove located medially to the spine of the sphenoid.<\/li>
        • The mandibular fossae are placed on the squamous surface of the temporal bone. The function of these depressions is to fit the mandibular condyles when the mouth is closed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

          Posterior part of the external cranial base<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
          • The occipital bone (and the structures that integrate it) is the major contributor for the posterior part of the external cranial base, which at this point arrange around the foramen magnum.<\/li>
          • The foramen magnum allows the passage of important structures, such as the meninges, the vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries; and the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).<\/li>
          • The stylomastoid foramen is placed posterior to the base of the styloid process, and the facial nerve (CN VII) and stylomastoid artery pass through it.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span>

            Landmarks<\/h3>

            Division<\/h3>

            Anterior part of the external cranial base<\/h4>

            Middle part of the extermal cranial base<\/h4>

            Posterior part of the external cranial base<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            The base of the cranium can be viewed from outside (external view) from an inferior view with the mandible removed, or inside (internal view) from a superior view with the calvaria (skullcap) removed, exposing the cranial fossae. Landmarks The following landmarks can be found in the external cranial base: Alveolar arch of the maxillae Palatine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":6038,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7616","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nExternal cranial base – Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/skull\/views-of-the-skull\/external-cranial-base\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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