{"id":7290,"date":"2021-10-05T06:54:51","date_gmt":"2021-10-05T04:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/metabolism\/artificial-nutrition\/"},"modified":"2022-01-09T12:14:50","modified_gmt":"2022-01-09T10:14:50","slug":"artificial-nutrition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/artificial-nutrition\/","title":{"rendered":"Artificial nutrition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">Artificial nutrition is a special type of nutrition used in patients who are unable or unwilling to eat normally. It is a special formula or emulsion delivered directly into the gastrointestinal tract or intravenously.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Description<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Artificial nutrition contains all of the nutrients that are required for sustaining life and help with recovery, providing patients with calories, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is indicated in conditions where normal feeding is impossible or inadequate, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Abnormality of the upper GI tract (such as a tumor or trauma)<\/li><li>Prolonged, chronic vomiting<\/li><li>Unconcious or uncooporative patients<\/li><li>Certain GI procedures<\/li><li>Pancreatitis<\/li><li>Terminally ill patients<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are two types of artificial nutrition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Eternal<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Parenteral (IV)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Enteral nutrition<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enteral nutrition is delivered into the GI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The tube is usually inserted through the nose and into the stomach (nasogastric), duodenum (nasoduodenal), or jejunum (nasojejunal).<\/li><li>Another way is through a gastric or intestinal stoma directly (less common).<\/li><li>Enteral nutrition has fewer complications compared with parenteral nutrition, and is less expensive.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Parenteral nutrition<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parenteral nutrition is delivered intravenously through a central or peripheral venous cannula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Central parentral nutrition is indicated in long-term (>2 weeks), can provide complete nutrition (total parenteral nutrition), patients are fluid restricted.<\/li><li>Peripheral parenteral nutrition is used short-term (&lt;2 weeks), provides less energy (partial parenteral nutrition), and patients can freely drink fluids.<\/li><li>Indicated in case of certain gastrointestinal disorders, or in cases where bowel rest is required.<ul><li>Bowel obstruction<\/li><li>GI bleeding or perforation<\/li><li>Fistulas<\/li><li>Peritonitis<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Short-bowel syndrome<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Complications<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Enteral complications<ul><li>Insertion complications (damage to tissues, perforation)<\/li><li>Aspiration<\/li><li>Esophagitis<\/li><li>GI symptoms (nausea, bloating, diarrhea)<\/li><li>Stoma complications (infection, bleeding)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Parenteral complications<ul><li>Hematoma<\/li><li>Air embolism<\/li><li>Thrombophlebitis<\/li><li>Sepsis<\/li><li>Liver dysfunction<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Complications in both<ul><li>Hyperglycemia<\/li><li>Fluid overload and electrolyte disbalance, and refeeding syndrome<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Refeeding syndrome<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Refeeding syndrome is the fluid and electrolyte imbalance occurring after a sudden intake of food (usually in large quantities) after the patient had been starving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Treatment involves the supplementation of phosphate, potassium, magnesium, and thiamine.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enteral nutrition<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parenteral nutrition<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Complications<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Refeeding syndrome<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Description Artificial nutrition contains all of the nutrients that are required for sustaining life and help with recovery, providing patients with calories, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. It is indicated in conditions where normal feeding is impossible or inadequate, including: Abnormality of the upper GI tract (such as a tumor or trauma) Prolonged, chronic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9852,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7290","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Artificial nutrition &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/artificial-nutrition\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/artificial-nutrition\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/artificial-nutrition\\\/\",\"name\":\"Artificial nutrition &#8211; Meddists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-05T04:54:51+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-01-09T10:14:50+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/artificial-nutrition\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/artificial-nutrition\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/artificial-nutrition\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Clinical\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Internal medicine\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Metabolism\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/clinical\\\/internal-medicine\\\/metabolism\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Artificial nutrition\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\",\"name\":\"Meddists\",\"description\":\"Let&#039;s Get Studying\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Artificial nutrition &#8211; Meddists","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/artificial-nutrition\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/artificial-nutrition\/","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/artificial-nutrition\/","name":"Artificial nutrition &#8211; Meddists","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-10-05T04:54:51+00:00","dateModified":"2022-01-09T10:14:50+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/artificial-nutrition\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/artificial-nutrition\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/artificial-nutrition\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Clinical","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Internal medicine","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Metabolism","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/clinical\/internal-medicine\/metabolism\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Artificial nutrition"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/","name":"Meddists","description":"Let&#039;s Get Studying","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7290"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9984,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7290\/revisions\/9984"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}