{"id":6797,"date":"2021-09-14T19:51:45","date_gmt":"2021-09-14T17:51:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/endocrine-system\/hyperparathyroidism\/"},"modified":"2021-09-14T19:51:57","modified_gmt":"2021-09-14T17:51:57","slug":"hyperparathyroidism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/endocrine-system\/hyperparathyroidism\/","title":{"rendered":"Hyperparathyroidism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Definition<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

Increase in the production of PTH.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hyperparathyroidism will lead to hypercalcemia by the increase of calcium absorption, reabsorption, excretion of phosphate, breakdown of bone, and vitamin D synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Skeletal changes (primarily long bones)<\/li>
  • Renal changes (urolithiasis)<\/li>
  • Metastatic calcification of tissues<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Types<\/h3>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
    • Primary<\/li>
    • Secondary<\/li>
    • Tertiary<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

      Primary<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

      Most often due to an adenoma and less commonly due to hyperplasia or carcinoma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • Etiology
        • Cyclin D1 overexpression<\/li>
        • MEN1<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
        • Endocrine atypia is seen (unrelated to malignancy)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

          Secondary<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

          Due to a chronic depression of calcium levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          • Chronic renal insufficiency
            • Increased levels of phosphate which binds to ionized calcium and reduces its levels in the serum<\/li>
            • Decreased levels of vitamin D (alpha1-hydroxylase)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

              Tertiary<\/h4>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

              Autonomous parathyroid gland activity, independent on calcium, vitamin D, or phosphate levels.<\/p>\n<\/span>

              Definition<\/h4>

              Types<\/h3>

              Primary<\/h4>

              Secondary<\/h4>

              Tertiary<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Definition Increase in the production of PTH. Hyperparathyroidism will lead to hypercalcemia by the increase of calcium absorption, reabsorption, excretion of phosphate, breakdown of bone, and vitamin D synthesis. Skeletal changes (primarily long bones) Renal changes (urolithiasis) Metastatic calcification of tissues Types Primary Secondary Tertiary Primary Most often due to an adenoma and less commonly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":6795,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6797","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHyperparathyroidism – Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/endocrine-system\/hyperparathyroidism\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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