{"id":6689,"date":"2021-09-13T21:46:30","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T19:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/nervous-system\/central-demylinating\/"},"modified":"2021-09-13T21:46:40","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T19:46:40","slug":"central-demylinating","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/nervous-system\/central-demylinating\/","title":{"rendered":"Central demylinating"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Myelin-associated diseases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Damage to existing myelin &#8212; demyelinating diseases<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Abnormal formation of myelin&nbsp; &#8212; dysmyelinating diseases (leukodystrophies)<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Demyelinating diseases<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common of which is&nbsp;<strong>multiple sclerosis<\/strong> (MS) &#8212; immune mediated.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Multiple sclerosis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder, characterized by the appearance of plaques within the white matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The most common demyelinating disease<\/li><li>Familial inheritance with many associated genes<\/li><li>Likely due to T-cell activity against myelin antigens<ul><li>Antibodies are also found, but play an unknown role in the disease<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Recurrent episodes of disease activity, followed by periods of remission<\/strong><ul><li>During disease activity, there is formation of lesions known as&nbsp;<strong>active plaques&nbsp;<\/strong>full of phagocytic cells with myelin debris &#8212; active demyelinzation<\/li><li>During remission, the plaques are known as&nbsp;<strong>inactive plaques&nbsp;<\/strong>with regions empty of myelin (as it had been destroyed during the active phase of the disease), followed by gliosis<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Symptoms include localized neurological deficits<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Other demyelinating diseases<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many of the following conditions occur after infections &#8212; most likely resulting from cross-reactivity with pathogenic antigens and myelin antigens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike MS, these diseases are monophasic:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis<\/strong><ul><li>Presents within 1-2 weeks of an infection<\/li><li>Symptoms are global (headache, lethargy, and coma)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis<\/strong><ul><li>More severe<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Neuromyelitis optica<\/strong><ul><li>Antibody-mediated disease mostly affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Central pontine myelinolysis<\/strong><ul><li>Non-immune mediated<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Progressive multifocal leukoencphalopathy<\/strong><ul><li>Associated with JC virus<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Leukodystrophies<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inherited dysmyelinating diseases caused by genetic defects coding for enzymes associated with myelin synthesis, turnover, and maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Begins at young age and present with progressive and symmetrical loss of function<\/li><li><strong>Most common types:<\/strong><ul><li><strong>Metachromatic leukodystrophy<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Krabbe disease<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>The white matter seems abnormal in color (gray) and volume (decreased), with macrophage infiltration<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Demyelinating diseases<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multiple sclerosis<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other demyelinating diseases<\/h4><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Leukodystrophies<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Myelin-associated diseases: Damage to existing myelin &#8212; demyelinating diseases Abnormal formation of myelin&nbsp; &#8212; dysmyelinating diseases (leukodystrophies) Demyelinating diseases The most common of which is&nbsp;multiple sclerosis (MS) &#8212; immune mediated. Multiple sclerosis A chronic autoimmune demyelinating disorder, characterized by the appearance of plaques within the white matter. The most common demyelinating disease Familial inheritance with [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":6651,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6689","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Central demylinating &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/nervous-system\/central-demylinating\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/pathology\\\/nervous-system\\\/central-demylinating\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/pathology\\\/nervous-system\\\/central-demylinating\\\/\",\"name\":\"Central demylinating &#8211; 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