{"id":6674,"date":"2021-09-13T21:43:12","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T19:43:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/nervous-system\/peripheral-neuropathy\/"},"modified":"2021-09-13T21:43:30","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T19:43:30","slug":"peripheral-neuropathy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/nervous-system\/peripheral-neuropathy\/","title":{"rendered":"Peripheral neuropathy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most basic structures of the peripheral nerve are the axon, surrounded by myelin &#8212; Schwann cells (and by connective tissue, but that&#8217;s not for now)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peripheral neuropathies can be classified under two categories, depending on the part of the peripheral nerve damaged:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Axonal neuropathies<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Demylinating neuropathies<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Axonal neuropathies<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Direct injury of the axon, leading to the degeneration of the isolated segment (that is not in contact with the neuron)<\/li><li>Characterized by the loss of signal in that particular axon &#8212; in large scale results in reduced signal transmission (reduced amplitude)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Demyelinating neuropathies<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The axon is unharmed, but the myelin sheath is lost<\/li><li>Most often, the distribution is random and discontinuous &#8212; <strong>segmental demyelination&nbsp;<\/strong>&#8212; as it harms the internodal (nodes of Ranvier) segments<\/li><li>Characterized by preserved amplitude, but slow conduction speeds<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Anatomic patterns<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Polyneuropathies<\/strong><ul><li>Affects multiple peripheral nerves concurrently in a symmetric fashion<\/li><li>Length-dependent (starts from the most distal portion and progresses proximally)<\/li><li>Common in diabetes and toxic disorders<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Mononeuritis multiplex<\/strong><ul><li>Affects multiple peripheral nerves asymmetrically<\/li><li>Common in vasculitis<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Mononeuropathy<\/strong><ul><li>Affects a single nerve<\/li><li>Common in injuries<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Gullien-Bare Syndrome<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rapidly-progressive demylinating disorder affecting motor axons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ascending weakness that may lead to death due to respiratory muscle failure<\/li><li>The etiology is due to an <strong>acute<\/strong> autoimmune response characterized by both humoral and cellular (antibodies and T cells)&nbsp; destruction of the myelin sheath<ul><li>Associated with hypersensitivity response to vaccines, and infections:<ul><li>EBV<\/li><li>Zika<\/li><li>HIV<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Surviving patients usually recover<\/li><li>Treatment &#8212; Plasmapheresis to remove the offending antibodies<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polyneuropathy (affecting multiple nerves symetrically) of both sensory and motor nerves, persising for 2 months or more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The etiology is due to <strong>chronic<\/strong> autoimmune response, related to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as SLE<\/li><li>Segmental demyelination and remyelination<\/li><li>In long-lasting CIDP, affected axons show multilayered structures consisting of axons<\/li><li>Treatment &#8212; Plasmapheresis<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Axonal neuropathies<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Demyelinating neuropathies<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anatomic patterns<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gullien-Bare Syndrome<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The most basic structures of the peripheral nerve are the axon, surrounded by myelin &#8212; Schwann cells (and by connective tissue, but that&#8217;s not for now) Peripheral neuropathies can be classified under two categories, depending on the part of the peripheral nerve damaged: Axonal neuropathies Demylinating neuropathies Axonal neuropathies Direct injury of the axon, leading [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":6651,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6674","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Peripheral neuropathy &#8211; 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