{"id":6648,"date":"2021-09-13T21:31:28","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T19:31:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/respiratory-system\/chronic-bronchitis-and-bronchiolitis\/"},"modified":"2021-09-13T21:32:01","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T19:32:01","slug":"chronic-bronchitis-and-bronchiolitis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/respiratory-system\/chronic-bronchitis-and-bronchiolitis\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronic bronchitis and bronchiolitis"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Bronchitis<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chronic_bronchitis.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Chronic bronchitis and bronchiolitis\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/chronic_bronchitis-600x557.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9978\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Chronic bronchitis<\/strong> &#8212; <a title=\"User:BruceBlaus\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:BruceBlaus\">BruceBlaus<\/a> &#8212; CC BY-SA 4.0<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Definition<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inflammation of the large airways, namely the bronchi.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Chronic Bronchitis<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Clinical definition<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presence of a productive cough occurring on most days for at least 3 months of the year and for at least 2 consecutive years.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">General mechanisms<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exposure to irritants causing a chronic inflammatory reaction, hypertrophy of mucous glands and goblet cells of the airways, and in some cases, squamous metaplasia.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Characteristics<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Common among smokers<ul><li>In many smokers, <strong>chronic bronchitis overlaps with emphysema<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Initially, the condition involves excessive production of mucoid sputum in the large airways<ul><li>No airflow obstruction<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Some individuals will, later on, develop airflow obstruction (COPD)<ul><li>Due to:<ul><li>Involvement of small airways (mucous plugs)<\/li><li>Emphysema<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Can lead to secondary pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Fibrosis of the bronchial wall<\/li><li><strong>Reid index<\/strong>: the width of glands divided by the width of the wall of the bronchus (normally 0,4 or less, increased in chronic bronchitis)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Bronchiolitis<sup>1<\/sup><\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Definition<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inflammation of the small airways, namely the bronchioles, affecting mostly young children.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Etiology<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The majority of cases are due to Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among other viruses. Can come together with other diseases, or on its own.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Constrictive Bronchiolitis<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_10\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also known as&nbsp;<strong>obliterative bronchiolitis<\/strong>, is the progressive form of bronchiolitis, where scarring and fibrosis cause the narrowing of the bronchioles, to the point of complete obliteration of their lumen.1.A. Justice N, K. Le J. Bronchiolitis . StatPearls &#8211; NCBI Bookshelf. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK441959\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK441959\/<\/a>. Accessed April 2, 2019.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bronchitis<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definition<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chronic Bronchitis<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical definition<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">General mechanisms<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Characteristics<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bronchiolitis<sup>1<\/sup><\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definition<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiology<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Constrictive Bronchiolitis<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bronchitis Definition Inflammation of the large airways, namely the bronchi. Chronic Bronchitis Clinical definition Presence of a productive cough occurring on most days for at least 3 months of the year and for at least 2 consecutive years. General mechanisms Exposure to irritants causing a chronic inflammatory reaction, hypertrophy of mucous glands and goblet cells [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":6615,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6648","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chronic bronchitis and bronchiolitis &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/respiratory-system\/chronic-bronchitis-and-bronchiolitis\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/pathology\\\/respiratory-system\\\/chronic-bronchitis-and-bronchiolitis\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/pathology\\\/respiratory-system\\\/chronic-bronchitis-and-bronchiolitis\\\/\",\"name\":\"Chronic bronchitis and bronchiolitis &#8211; 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