{"id":660,"date":"2020-02-21T10:55:48","date_gmt":"2020-02-21T10:55:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/?page_id=660"},"modified":"2020-12-22T19:50:57","modified_gmt":"2020-12-22T17:50:57","slug":"introduction-to-leukemias-and-lymphomas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/blood-cancers\/introduction-to-leukemias-and-lymphomas\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to blood cancers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Blood cancers are generally categorized as leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative tumors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another way these tumors can be categorized is according to the lineage of the cell that causes the tumor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Lymphoid-derived<\/strong><ul><li>Lymphocytes<\/li><li>NK cells<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Myeloid-derived<\/strong><ul><li>Monocytes<\/li><li>Granulocytes<\/li><li>Red blood cells<\/li><li>Platelets<\/li><li>Mast cells<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1800px-Hematopoiesis_simple.svg1_.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Introduction to blood cancers\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1800px-Hematopoiesis_simple.svg1_-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8139\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Simplified hematopoiesis<\/strong> &#8212;&nbsp;Mikael H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m, from original by A. Rad &#8212; CC BY-SA 3.0<\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Markers<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The general marker for hemopoietic cells is <strong>CD34<\/strong><\/li><li>In<strong> lymphoid-derived immature<\/strong> (<strong>precursor<\/strong>) cells, the enzyme <strong>terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)&nbsp;<\/strong>is a key marker<ul><li>See the chart below for the markers of different cells<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>The key marker for <strong>myeloid-derived<\/strong> cells is the enzyme <strong>myeloperoxidase<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><thead><tr><th>Cell<\/th><th>Individual markers<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Myeloid cells<\/td><td><strong>Myeloperoxidase <\/strong>(MPO)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B-cell<\/td><td>CD10, CD19, <strong>CD20<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T-cell<\/td><td>CD2-CD8, <strong>CD3<\/strong> being most important<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NK-cell<\/td><td>CD16, CD56<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Leukemia and lymphoma<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most well-known forms of blood cancers are lymphoma and leukemia. We know whether it is leukemia or lymphoma based on the location of the primary neoplastic tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Leukemia<\/strong><ul><li>Cancer cells are in the <strong>bone marrow<\/strong><ul><li>They usually reach the blood, hence the &#8220;ia&#8221; in leukemia<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Can be lymphoid or myeloid-derived<\/li><li>Can be classified to\u00a0<strong>acute\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>chronic<\/strong>\u00a0depending on the progression speed and cell types<ul><li><strong>Acute<\/strong> leukemias are generally:<ul><li>Involved with precursor cells (<strong>-blasts<\/strong>)<\/li><li>Sudden onset<\/li><li>Progress quickly (aggressive)<\/li><li>Curable<\/li><li>Mostly affects younger patients<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Chronic <\/strong>leukemias are generally:<ul><li>Involved with mature cells (<strong>-cytic<\/strong>)<\/li><li>Indolent (very slow progress)<\/li><li>Incurable<\/li><li>Mostly affects older patients<\/li><li><strong>Can transform into acute<\/strong>, but not the other way around<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Lymphoma<\/strong><ul><li>Cancer cells are in the <strong>lymphatic tissues<\/strong><ul><li>They generally create swellings, hence the &#8220;oma&#8221; in lymphoma<ul><li>Lymph nodes<\/li><li>Thymus (few subtypes)<\/li><li>Spleen (few subtypes)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Only lymphoid derived<\/li><li>Can be classified into <strong>Hodgkin&#8217;s<\/strong> and\u00a0<strong>Non-Hodgkin&#8217;s lymphoma\u00a0(NHL)<\/strong> types<\/li><li>In some cases, swelling of the lymph nodes can be seen<\/li><li>Can be painful<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Other types<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Myelomas<\/strong><ul><li>Tumors of plasma cells that begin in the bone marrow and are typically diagnosed in peripheral tissues.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Myelodysplastic syndromes<\/strong><ul><li>Partial or complete replacement of the cells in the bone marrow by dysplastic cells.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Myeloproliferative tumors<\/strong><ul><li>Dysplastic cells in the bone marrow leading to an overproduction of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Markers<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Leukemia and lymphoma<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other types<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blood cancers are generally categorized as leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative tumors. Another way these tumors can be categorized is according to the lineage of the cell that causes the tumor: Lymphoid-derived Lymphocytes NK cells Myeloid-derived Monocytes Granulocytes Red blood cells Platelets Mast cells Simplified hematopoiesis &#8212;&nbsp;Mikael H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m, from original by A. Rad [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3209,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-660","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Introduction to blood cancers &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/blood-cancers\/introduction-to-leukemias-and-lymphomas\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/pathology\\\/blood-cancers\\\/introduction-to-leukemias-and-lymphomas\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/pathology\\\/blood-cancers\\\/introduction-to-leukemias-and-lymphomas\\\/\",\"name\":\"Introduction to blood cancers &#8211; 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