{"id":4465,"date":"2021-02-11T00:04:44","date_gmt":"2021-02-10T23:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull\/orbit-and-extraocular-muscles\/orbit\/"},"modified":"2021-08-14T00:46:31","modified_gmt":"2021-08-13T22:46:31","slug":"orbit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/skull\/viscerocranium-facial-skeleton\/orbit\/","title":{"rendered":"Orbit"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Description<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The orbits are bilateral bone cavities that contain and protect the eyeball and accessory visual structures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are located in the superior half of the face and have a characteristic quadrangular pyramidal shape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Due to their pyramidal shape, each orbit has a roof (superiorly), four walls, and a floor (inferiorly). The lateral sides of this structure are the most exposed, while the medial walls extend farther anteriorly than the lateral.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Bones<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The osseous components of the orbits are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Roof<ul><li>The frontal&nbsp;<\/li><li>The sphenoid&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Floor<ul><li>The orbital surface of the maxilla&nbsp;<\/li><li>The zygomatic<\/li><li>The orbital process of the palatine&nbsp;<\/li><li>The ethmoid<\/li><li>The sphenoid&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Medial walls<ul><li>The frontal process of the maxilla<\/li><li>The lacrimal&nbsp;<\/li><li>The orbital plate of the ethmoid<\/li><li>The sphenoid&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Lateral walls<ul><li>The frontal process of the zygomatic<\/li><li>The greater wing of the sphenoid<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Apex<ul><li>The lesser wing of the sphenoid<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Contents<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The orbits contain the following structures:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Eyelids<\/li><li>Extraocular muscles<\/li><li>Nerves and vessels<\/li><li>Orbital fascia<\/li><li>Orbital fat<\/li><li>Mucous membrane (conjunctiva)<\/li><li>Lacrimal apparatus<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">The roof of the Orbit<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The roof of the orbit also know as the superior wall, has a horizontal position and represents the limit between the orbit and the anterior cranial fossa.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Bones<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The orbital part of the frontal bone<\/li><li>The lesser wing of the sphenoid<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Landmarks<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The roof of the orbit includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Anteromedially: The trochlear fovea, where the superior oblique muscle passes<\/li><li>Anterolaterally: The lacrimal fossa, shallow depression containing the lacrimal gland<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Medial walls<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The medial walls are parallel to each other and anteriorly are sectioned by the lacrimal groove and fossa. They are the thinnest of the walls. The trochlea for the tendon of one of the extraocular muscles is located superiorly, acting as a pulley.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Bones<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The maxilla<\/li><li>The lacrimal<\/li><li>The ethmoid<\/li><li>The sphenoid bones<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The medial walls of the two orbits are formed mainly from the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone, together with the frontal process of the maxilla, the small lacrimal bone, and a small part of the sphenoid bone.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Landmarks<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following structures can be found in the medial walls of the orbit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves and vessels<\/li><li>The lacrimal groove<\/li><li>The lacrimal sac<\/li><li>The medial wall of the optic canal<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ethmoidal nerves and vessels pass through the ethmoidal foramina, which can be found at the union between the medial wall and the roof of the orbit, and that is in relationship with the frontoethmoidal suture.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Lateral walls<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_10\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The lateral walls of the two bony orbits are nearly perpendicular to each other and are the thickest and stronger walls that compose the orbits. At the same time, these structures are the most exposed and vulnerable, because of their location.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_11\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Bones<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_11\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Anteriorly: the zygomatic bone (frontal process)&nbsp;<\/li><li>Posteriorly: the greater wing of the sphenoid<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Posteriorly, the lateral walls separate the orbit from the temporal bone and the middle cranial fossae.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_12\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Floor<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_12\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The inferior wall of the orbit is also the roof of the maxillary sinus. This part of the bony orbit locates the inferior orbital fissure, a space between the maxilla and the sphenoid which begins posteriorly and exposes itself along with the lateral limit of the floor of the orbit.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_13\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Bones<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_13\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The floor of the bony orbit is formed by the following bones:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The maxilla bone (orbital surface)<\/li><li>The zygomatic bones<\/li><li>The palatine bones (orbital process)<\/li><li>The ethmoid bone<\/li><li>The sphenoid bone<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_14\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Apex&nbsp;<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_14\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The apex of the orbit is placed in the lesser wing of the sphenoid, at the optical canal, and relates medially with the superior orbital fissure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bones<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contents<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The roof of the Orbit<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bones<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Landmarks<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Medial walls<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bones<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Landmarks<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lateral walls<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bones<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Floor<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bones<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apex&nbsp;<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Description The orbits are bilateral bone cavities that contain and protect the eyeball and accessory visual structures. They are located in the superior half of the face and have a characteristic quadrangular pyramidal shape. Due to their pyramidal shape, each orbit has a roof (superiorly), four walls, and a floor (inferiorly). The lateral sides of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4467,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4465","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Orbit &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/skull\/viscerocranium-facial-skeleton\/orbit\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/skull\\\/viscerocranium-facial-skeleton\\\/orbit\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/skull\\\/viscerocranium-facial-skeleton\\\/orbit\\\/\",\"name\":\"Orbit &#8211; 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