{"id":4360,"date":"2021-02-06T18:25:06","date_gmt":"2021-02-06T17:25:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/upper-limb\/regions-and-layers-of-the-upper-limb\/layers-and-fasciae-of-the-upper-limb\/"},"modified":"2022-06-24T09:48:57","modified_gmt":"2022-06-24T07:48:57","slug":"layers-and-fasciae-of-the-upper-limb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/upper-limb\/regions-and-layers-of-the-upper-limb\/layers-and-fasciae-of-the-upper-limb\/","title":{"rendered":"Layers and fasciae of the upper limb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The layers of the limbs consist of skin, fascia (superficial, and deep), muscles, and bones.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Fasciae<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fasciae are found deep into the skin. They are a sheet of connective tissue that support, limit, protect, and interconnect different organs and structures. They allow movement and gliding over of structures, vessels and nerves. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are two types of fascia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Superficial or subcutaneous fascia<\/li><li>Deep fascia<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Superficial fascia<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The subcutaneous fascia is attached to the dermis of the skin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Contains a large amount of fat.<\/li><li>It is formed by loose connective tissue.<\/li><li>Its tissue is thick and varies from one anatomical area to another, and from person to person.<\/li><li>Its functions are to allow the movement of the skin over the rest of the body, conduct the neurovasculature, and serve as a reserve of energy.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Deep fascia<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The deep fascia encloses organized and dense connective tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An external layer of this fascia is inserted deep onto the superficial fascia to form a thin fibrous lamina that covers most of the deeper area of the body.<\/li><li>An internal layer of this fascia conforms to the intermuscular septa, a structure that organizes groups.<\/li><li>Other extensions can be found around individual muscles and groups of vessels and nerves.<\/li><li>Around some joints the deep fascial forms retinacula, a thicker tissue that retains tendons in place.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Fasciae by regions<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to its location, the fascia contains different structures and presents distinctive characteristics, consisting of the <strong>pectoral, clavipectoral, deltoid, supraspinous and infraspinous, brachial, antebrachial, <\/strong>and <strong>palmar fascia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Pectoral fascia<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pectoral fascia lies over the pectoral region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It attaches to the clavicle and sternum.<\/li><li>It covers up the pectoralis major.<\/li><li>It follows downwards to join the fascia of the anterior abdominal wall.<\/li><li>Laterally, leaves the pectoralis major to transform into the axillary fascia.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Clavipectoral fascia<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The clavipectoral fascia locates deep into the pectoral fascia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It goes down from the clavicle, involving the subclavius and the pectoralis minor.<\/li><li>It continues downwards to join the axillary fascia.<\/li><li>A part of this fascia is penetrated by the lateral pectoral nerve, between the pectoralis minor and subclavius.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Deltoid fascia<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The deltoid fascia covers the scapulohumeral muscles that form the bulk of the shoulder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It descends from the deltoid region to the clavicle, acromion, and scapula.<\/li><li>At the deep surface of this fascia, several septa go through.<\/li><li>Anteriorly, it continues with the pectoral fascia.<\/li><li>Posteriorly, joins the dense infraspinous fascia.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Supraspinous and infraspinous fascia<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The supraspinous and infraspinous fasciae arrange the subscapular, supraspinous, and infraspinous compartments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The muscles of each compartment originate from the surface of the fascia above.<\/li><li>The supraspinous fascia covers the supraspinous muscle, and the infraspinous fascia the infraspinous muscle.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Brachial fascia<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The brachial fascia encloses the arm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Superiorly, the brachial fascia merges and continues with the deltoid, pectoral, axillary, and infraspinous fasciae.<\/li><li>It attaches inferiorly to the epicondyles of the humerus and the olecranon.<\/li><li>The medial and lateral intermuscular septa go from the deep region of the brachial fascia to the medial and lateral supra epicondylar crests of the humerus.<\/li><li>Those intermuscular septa separate the fascia of the arm into flexor and extensor compartments.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_10\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Antebrachial fascia<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_10\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The antebrachial fascial locates in the forearm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Posteriorly, the antebrachial fascial thickens to form the <strong>extensor retinaculum<\/strong>.<ul><li>A transverse band found over the distal ends of the radius and ulna, holding the extensor tendons in position.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Anteriorly, the fascia merges the extensor retinaculum with the <strong>flexor retinaculum<\/strong> (which consists of the transverse carpal ligament).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_11\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Palmar fascia<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_11\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The extensor and flexor retinacula continue to form the palmar fascia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The central compartment of the palm is covered by the palmar aponeurosis; a thick, triangular, and tendinous section of the fascia.<\/li><li>The palmar aponeurosis creates four thick sections. These thickenings radiate to the bases of the fingers to continue with the fibrous tendon sheaths of the digits.<\/li><li>The superficial transverse metacarpal ligament crosses distally over those bands to form the base of the palmar aponeurosis.<\/li><li>Proximally, it is the apex of the fascia, which continues with the tendon of the palmaris longus.<\/li><li>The palmar aponeurosis extends to the skin to hold to the L. retinacula cutis. This connection allows that the palmar skin remains close to the aponeurosis.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fasciae<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Superficial fascia<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deep fascia<\/h3><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fasciae by regions<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pectoral fascia<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clavipectoral fascia<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deltoid fascia<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Supraspinous and infraspinous fascia<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brachial fascia<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Antebrachial fascia<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Palmar fascia<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fasciae The fasciae are found deep into the skin. They are a sheet of connective tissue that support, limit, protect, and interconnect different organs and structures. They allow movement and gliding over of structures, vessels and nerves. There are two types of fascia: Superficial or subcutaneous fascia Deep fascia Superficial fascia The subcutaneous fascia is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3469,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4360","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Layers and fasciae of the upper limb &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/upper-limb\/regions-and-layers-of-the-upper-limb\/layers-and-fasciae-of-the-upper-limb\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/upper-limb\\\/regions-and-layers-of-the-upper-limb\\\/layers-and-fasciae-of-the-upper-limb\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/upper-limb\\\/regions-and-layers-of-the-upper-limb\\\/layers-and-fasciae-of-the-upper-limb\\\/\",\"name\":\"Layers and fasciae of the upper limb &#8211; 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