The foot joints<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Composed by different articular surfaces, the foot joints include the tarsals<\/strong>, metatarsals<\/strong>, and phalanges<\/strong>. With the help of the ligaments, in minor or major ways, these bones interact with each other\u00b4s producing diverse range of movements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The foot joints include a wide range of movements<\/strong>, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Of the tarsal joints, the most important ones include the talocalcaneal<\/strong>, talocalcaneonavicular<\/strong>, and calcaneocuboid joints<\/strong>, existing other joints that include smaller tarsal bones.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n It is formed by the articular surfaces of the talus<\/strong> and calcaneus<\/strong>, between the posterior calcaneal facet of the inferior surface and the posterior talar facet of the superior surface, respectively. Enclosed by a synovial membrane<\/strong> and covered by a fibrous membrane<\/strong>, this joint is reinforced by the lateral<\/strong>, medial<\/strong>, posterior<\/strong>, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n A complex joint formed by the articulation between the head of the talus<\/strong>, the calcaneus<\/strong>, the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament<\/strong>, and the navicular<\/strong>. More specifically, these structures articulate the following way:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Enclosed by a synovial membrane<\/strong>, this joint is reinforced by the interosseous talocalcaneal<\/strong> (posteriorly), talonavicular<\/strong> (superiorly), plantar calcaneonavicular<\/strong> (inferiorly), and calcaneonavicular part of the bifurcate <\/strong>(laterally) ligaments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n It is formed by the facet of the anterior surface of the calcaneus<\/strong> and the facet of the posterior surface of the cuboid<\/strong>. This joint is reinforced by the calcaneocuboid part of the bifurcate<\/strong>, long plantar<\/strong>, and short plantar (plantar calcaneocuboid) ligaments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n Allowing limited movement, this plain joints are formed between the anterior tarsal<\/strong> and adjacent bases of metatarsal bones<\/strong>. More specifically, these structures articulate the following way:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Enclosed by synovial membranes<\/strong>, these joints are reinforced by dorsal<\/strong>, plantar<\/strong>, and interosseous ligaments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n These plane synovial joints are formed between the adjacent bases of the metatarsal bones<\/strong>. The four lateral metatarsals are bound together by dorsal<\/strong>, plantar<\/strong>, and interosseous intermetatarsal ligaments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n Allowing different movements, these ellipsoid synovial joints are formed between the heads of metatarsal bones<\/strong> and the corresponding bases of the phalanges<\/strong>. These joints are reinforced by collateral (medial and lateral)<\/strong> and plantar ligaments<\/strong>. Additionally, four deep transverse metatarsal ligaments<\/strong> unite the heads of the metatarsals, allowing them to move as a unity. These ligaments fusion with the corresponding plantar ones of the metatarsophalangeal joints.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n Allowing mainly flexion and extension movements, these hinge joints are formed between the head of a phalanx and the base of the corresponding distal one. These joints are reinforced by collateral (medial and lateral)<\/strong> and plantar ligaments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n The talocalcaneal joint is nourished by branches of the posterior tibial<\/strong> and fibular arteries<\/strong>. The joints that include tarsals are nourished by the dorsal artery of the foot (dorsalis pedis artery)<\/strong>, a branch of the anterior tibial artery<\/strong>. The joints that include metatarsals are nourished by the metatarsal arteries<\/strong>, branches of the dorsal artery of the foot<\/strong>. The joints that include phalanges are nourished by digital branches of the plantar arch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n The tibial nerve<\/strong>, providing medial and lateral plantar nerves<\/strong>, the superficial<\/strong> and deep fibular nerves<\/strong>, and the sural nerve<\/strong> provide the innervation to the foot joints.<\/p>\n\n\n\n *missing ligaments from p654 moore*<\/p>\n<\/span>Movements.<\/h1>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
The tarsal joints.<\/h1>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
The talocalcaneal joint.<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
The talocalcaneonavicular joint.<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
The calcaneocuboid joint.<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
The tarsometatarsal joints.<\/h1>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
The intermetatarsal joints.<\/h1>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
The metatarsophalangeal joints.<\/h1>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
The interphalangeal joints.<\/h1>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
Neurovasculature of the foot joints.<\/h1>\n<\/span>\n\n<\/span>\n
Vasculature.<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
Innervation.<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n