{"id":406,"date":"2020-01-09T12:48:03","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T12:48:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/?page_id=406"},"modified":"2021-10-11T16:43:19","modified_gmt":"2021-10-11T14:43:19","slug":"bowel-obstruction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/gastrointestinal-system\/bowel-obstruction\/","title":{"rendered":"Bowel obstruction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Can occur at any level, the small intestine is most frequent<\/li><li>Most bowel obstruction cases do not involve tumors<\/li><li>Will present with pain, distension, and foul-smelling vomit<\/li><li>Must be treated to prevent infarction and rupturing<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Etiology<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Intussusception<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Adhesions&nbsp;<\/strong>(the most common cause; fibrous bands attaching adjacent parts of the intestine, disrupting their movement)<\/li><li><strong>Hernias<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Volvulus&nbsp;<\/strong>(incarceration of part of the bowel due to a congenital defect causing it to twist and loop around itself)<\/li><li><strong>Innervation defects<\/strong><\/li><li>Tumors<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Intussusception<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8220;Telescoping&#8221; of part of the intestine to the one following it, due to peristalsis<\/li><li>Will usually pull the mesentery, may occlude the mesenteric vessels<\/li><li>The most common cause of intestinal obstruction in young children<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Hernias<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A defect in the abdominal wall causes the protrusion of part of the bowel surrounded by peritoneum<\/li><li>Most commonly, umbilical\n<ul><li>Other types &#8212; inguinal, femoral<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Innervation defects<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hirschsprung disease (congenital megacolon) <\/strong>is the most common form of congenital defect disrupting colonic innervation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Absence of myenteric and submucosal plexuses<\/li><li>Always affects the rectum, but the length of the affected region may vary<\/li><li>Due to mutations in TKR<\/li><li>Seen right after birth, as the neonate cannot pass meconium<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Other stuff that was written in the slides &#8212; relates to congenital malformations<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Atresia-stenosis\n<ul><li>Smaller or absent lumen<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li>Duplication\n<ul><li>&#8220;Duplicate&#8221; part of the intestine (or a cyst) located adjacent (or within) a part of the intestine<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li>Meckel diverticulum\n<ul><li>Protrusion of the small intestine 80cm away from the ileocecal junction<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/li><li>Large bowel diverticulosis<\/li><li>Toxic megacolon\n<ul><li>Colonic distension, usually in IBD<\/li><li>Toxins leech into the inner layers of the colon, causing loss of the mucosa and segmental paralysis of the colon, leading in the accumulation of stool, gas, and bacteria<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Etiology<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Intussusception<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hernias<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Innervation defects<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other stuff that was written in the slides &#8212; relates to congenital malformations<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Can occur at any level, the small intestine is most frequent Most bowel obstruction cases do not involve tumors Will present with pain, distension, and foul-smelling vomit Must be treated to prevent infarction and rupturing Etiology Intussusception Adhesions&nbsp;(the most common cause; fibrous bands attaching adjacent parts of the intestine, disrupting their movement) Hernias Volvulus&nbsp;(incarceration of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":404,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-406","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bowel obstruction &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/pathology\/gastrointestinal-system\/bowel-obstruction\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/pathology\\\/gastrointestinal-system\\\/bowel-obstruction\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/pathology\\\/gastrointestinal-system\\\/bowel-obstruction\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bowel obstruction &#8211; 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