{"id":3968,"date":"2021-01-19T13:23:47","date_gmt":"2021-01-19T12:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/lower-limb\/pelvis\/gluteal-muscles\/"},"modified":"2021-01-19T13:27:13","modified_gmt":"2021-01-19T12:27:13","slug":"gluteal-muscles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/lower-limb\/pelvis\/gluteal-muscles\/","title":{"rendered":"Gluteal muscles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The gluteal muscle group includes 9 muscles divided into <strong>superficial <\/strong>and <strong>deep<\/strong> <strong>muscle groups<\/strong>. They allow the abduction, extension and lateral rotation of the thigh.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1122_Gluteal_Muscles_that_Move_the_Femur_c1.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Gluteal muscles\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1122_Gluteal_Muscles_that_Move_the_Femur_c1-575x600.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26852\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Posterior view of the pelvis and the thigh <\/strong>(Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Superficial muscles<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The superficial gluteal muscles are much larger than the deep ones, and they include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gluteus maximus<\/li><li>Gluteus medius<\/li><li>Gluteus minimus<\/li><li>Tensor fasciae latae<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Gluteus Maximus muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gluteus muscle is the largest muscle in the human body, forming the most superficial of the gluteal muscles, giving the typical prominence to the nates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It has a broad area of origination starting from the roughened area of the ilium,&nbsp; dorsal surface of the sacrum, the lateral surface of the coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament of the pelvis. It runs inferolaterally, exiting the pelvis and inserting onto the iliotibial tract laterally, and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur medially.<\/li><li>The gluteus maximus muscle functions are the extension of the thigh and its lateral rotation<strong>, <\/strong>aiding in rising from sitting position, and stabilization of the hip and knee joints during lateral movement of the thigh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Gluteus medius muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gluteus medius muscle lies under and possess the same convergence as gluteus maximus (inferolateral direction).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The gluteus medius muscle originates between the anterior and superior gluteal lines of the external surface of the ilium and inserted into the elongate facet of the greater trochanter of the femur.<\/li><li>The gluteus medius muscle abducts the thigh and rotates it medially.<\/li><li>It also secures the pelvic in place during walking (prevent it from drop over the opposite limb).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Gluteus minimus muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gluteus minimus muscle is the smallest of the three glutei muscles, found deep to the gluteus medius muscle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Originates from the external surface of the ilium, then it turns inferolaterally, forming a tendon that inserts into the broad linear facets on the anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur.<\/li><li>The gluteus minimus muscle abducts the lower limb and stabilizes the pelvic during walking.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Tensor fascia lata muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enclosed within a compartment of the fascia lata, the tensor fasciae latae muscle is located anterolaterally, spanning between the pelvis and the knee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It originates between anterior superior iliac spine and tubercle of the iliac crest, directed anteriorly and inserted into the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia via the iliotibial tract.<\/li><li>It functions to stabilize the knee during extension and hold the head of the femur in the acetabulum (together with the gluteus maximus muscle), thus stabilizing the hip joint.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1122_Gluteal_Muscles_that_Move_the_Femur_a1.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Gluteal muscles\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1122_Gluteal_Muscles_that_Move_the_Femur_a1-556x600.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26854\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Anterior view of the pelvis and thigh (with the tensor fasciae latae laterally) <\/strong>(Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Deep muscles<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 5 muscles of the deep group are smaller than those of the superficial layer, they mainly abduct and extend the femur, and includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Piriformis<\/li><li>Obturator internus<\/li><li>Gemellus superior<\/li><li>Gemellus inferior<\/li><li>Quadratus femoris<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Piriformis muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The piriformis (meaning \u201cpear-shaped\u201d in Latin) muscle is the deepest, most superior muscle of the group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The piriformis muscle originates at the anterior surface of the sacrum, exiting the pelvis transversely through the greater sciatic foramen, and inserting on the superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur.<\/li><li>It acts on the femur by abducting it and rotating it laterally.<\/li><li>It also stabilizes the head of the femur at the hip joints together with obturator internus, gemellus superior and gemellus inferior muscles.<\/li><li>The piriformis muscle divides the greater sciatic foramen into inferior and superior parts, from which blood vessels and nerves pass between the pelvic and the gluteal region.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Obturator internus muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The obturator internus muscle spans from the pelvis to the gluteal region. It is sandwiched between the gemelli muscles, forming the <strong>triceps <\/strong>(three head muscles collection that works together) of the hip with a common tendon at the insertion point of these muscles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The course of the obturator interus muscle:<ul><li>The obturator internus muscle originates from the obturator membrane of the pelvis, running superolaterally<\/li><li>Performs a 90-degree turn on the surface of the ischium<\/li><li>Exits the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen<\/li><li>Enters the gluteal region as a tendon, running inferiorly<\/li><li>Inserts onto the superior border of the trochanter of the femur.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>The obturator internus muscle abducts and laterally rotates the femur.<\/li><li>It also forms two walls: the anterolateral wall of the pelvis cavity and lateral wall in the perineum.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Gemellus superior<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gemelli (pleural for gemellus) are a pair (Gemelli means \u201ctween\u201d in Latin) of triangular muscles associated with the obturator internus muscle.<br>The gemellus superior is the smaller of the two, bordering the obturator internus from above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The gemellus superior muscle originates from the ischial spine of the ischium. Throughout its path, its muscle fibers attach along the tendon of obturator internus muscle, forming the superior border of this tendon.<\/li><li>It inserts together with the gemellus inferior and the obturator internus muscles into the greater trochanter of the femur after they form a common tendon.<\/li><li>The gemellus muscles worth together with the obturator internus to abduct and laterally rotate the femur.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">&nbsp;Gemellus inferior muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_10\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The gemellus inferior muscle is the bigger of the gemelli muscles, bordering the obturator internus from below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It originates from the ischial tuberosity of the ischium and inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur.<\/li><li>It works in association with the gemellus superior and the obturator internus (the triceps) for lateral rotation and abduction of the femur.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_11\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Quadratus femoris muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_11\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quadratus femoris muscle is a flat, rectangular-shaped muscle found below the gemellus inferior muscle. It is the most inferior muscle in the gluteal region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The quadratus femoris muscle originates from the lateral side of the ischium and inserts into the quadrate tubercle of the femur.<\/li><li>It performs lateral rotation of the femur.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_12\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Clinical information<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_12\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trendelenburg sign<\/strong> demonstrates a weakening or paralysis of the abductor muscles of the hip. It is seen as dropping of the pelvis when standing on the affected side.<br>It occurs due to damage to the superior gluteal nerve, usually as a result of an injury.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Superficial muscles<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gluteus Maximus muscle<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gluteus medius muscle<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gluteus minimus muscle<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tensor fascia lata muscle<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deep muscles<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Piriformis muscle<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obturator internus muscle<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gemellus superior<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;Gemellus inferior muscle<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quadratus femoris muscle<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical information<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Superficial muscles The superficial gluteal muscles are much larger than the deep ones, and they include: Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus Maximus muscle The gluteus muscle is the largest muscle in the human body, forming the most superficial of the gluteal muscles, giving the typical prominence to the nates. It [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3967,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3968","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gluteal muscles &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/lower-limb\/pelvis\/gluteal-muscles\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/lower-limb\\\/pelvis\\\/gluteal-muscles\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/lower-limb\\\/pelvis\\\/gluteal-muscles\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gluteal muscles &#8211; 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