{"id":3640,"date":"2021-01-08T10:59:30","date_gmt":"2021-01-08T09:59:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/upper-limb\/arm\/muscles-of-the-arm\/"},"modified":"2021-02-28T18:10:04","modified_gmt":"2021-02-28T17:10:04","slug":"muscles-of-the-arm","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/upper-limb\/arm\/muscles-of-the-arm\/","title":{"rendered":"Muscles of the arm"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The muscles of the arm allow the interaction between the arm, forearm, and shoulder. They include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Coracobrachialis<\/li><li>Biceps brachii<\/li><li>Brachialis<\/li><li>Triceps brachii<\/li><li>Anconeus<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/muscles_arm.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Muscles of the arm\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/muscles_arm-600x484.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23931\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Muscles of the arm and forearm<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Compartments<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These muscles are divided by the <strong>intermuscular septum<\/strong> into two compartments: <strong>anterior<\/strong> and <strong>posterior<\/strong> <strong>compartments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Anterior compartment<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The anterior compartment includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Coracobrachialis muscle<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Biceps brachii muscle<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Brachialis muscle<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Coracobrachialis muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The coracobrachialis muscle originates at the tip of the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts at the medial side of the midshaft of the humerus, passing through the axilla with its elongated body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The coracobrachialis muscle <strong>flexes and stabilizes the arm<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The coracobrachialis muscle, together with the deltoid and long head of the triceps, serve as shunt (stabilizing) muscles, resisting downward dislocation of the head of the humerus when lifting heavy objects.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Biceps brachii muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>biceps brachii muscle<\/strong> consists of two heads (hence the <em>bi-<\/em> in biceps):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>short head<\/strong>, which originates at the coracoid process of the scapula, passes medial to the humerus into the arm.<\/li><li>The <strong>long head<\/strong>, which originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, passes through the glenohumeral joint, superior to the head of the humerus, and through the intertubercular sulcus, entering into the arm.<\/li><li>Both heads join their muscle bellies, overlying the brachialis muscle, and converge to form a single flattened tendon that inserts onto the radial tuberosity.<\/li><li>The biceps brachii muscle <strong>flexes the forearm at the elbow joint<\/strong>, it is the <strong>most powerful supinator of the forearm when the elbow joint is flexed<\/strong>, and it can <strong>flex the glenohumeral joint<\/strong>.<\/li><li>As the tendon enters the forearm, the <strong>bicipital aponeurosis<\/strong>, a flat sheet of connective tissue, appears from its medial side, crossing the cubital fossa to blend with the antebrachial deep fascia that covers the anterior compartment of the forearm.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Brachialis muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The brachialis muscle is a flattened, fusiform muscle spanning between the humerus to the ulna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Originates at the distal half of the anterior aspect of the humerus and adjacent parts of the intermuscular septa, passing with its body beneath the biceps brachii muscle and inserting at the tuberosity of the ulna.<\/li><li>The brachialis muscle <strong>flexes the forearm at the elbow joint<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"968\" height=\"856\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/biceps_brachialis.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/biceps_brachialis.png 968w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/biceps_brachialis-300x265.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/biceps_brachialis-768x679.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 968px) 100vw, 968px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 2. Biceps brachii and brachialis muscles<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Posterior compartment<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The posterior compartment includes the&nbsp;<strong>triceps brachii<\/strong> and <strong>anconeus muscles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Triceps brachii muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The triceps brachii muscle consists of three heads (hence the&nbsp;<em>tri-<\/em> in triceps):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>long head<\/strong>, which originates at the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.<\/li><li>The <strong>medial head<\/strong>, which originates at the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove.<\/li><li>The <strong>lateral head<\/strong>, which originates at a linear roughening superior to the radial groove of the humerus.<\/li><li>The heads converge into a large flattened tendon, which inserts at the superior surface of the olecranon of the ulna.<\/li><li>The triceps brachii muscle <strong>extends the forearm at the elbow joint<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"897\" height=\"860\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/triceps.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/triceps.png 897w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/triceps-300x288.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/triceps-768x736.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 897px) 100vw, 897px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 3. Triceps brachii muscle<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Anconeus muscle<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The anconeus muscle is a small, triangular muscle found on the posterolateral aspect of the elbow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Partially blended with the triceps, it helps extend the forearm, tenses the capsule of the elbow joint, and abducts the ulna during pronation of the forearm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Additional resources<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Dissection images<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_10\">\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cross-section-of-the-arm-Credit-Anatomist90-CC-BY-SA-4.01.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Muscles of the arm\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"933\" height=\"715\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cross-section-of-the-arm-Credit-Anatomist90-CC-BY-SA-4.01.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cross-section-of-the-arm-Credit-Anatomist90-CC-BY-SA-4.01.png 933w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cross-section-of-the-arm-Credit-Anatomist90-CC-BY-SA-4.01-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Cross-section-of-the-arm-Credit-Anatomist90-CC-BY-SA-4.01-768x589.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 933px) 100vw, 933px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 4. Cross-section of the arm<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/arm_dissection1.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Muscles of the arm\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/arm_dissection1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3649\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/arm_dissection1.png 960w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/arm_dissection1-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/arm_dissection1-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 5. Dissection of the arm of the newborn<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dissection_cubital_fossa1.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Muscles of the arm\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"925\" height=\"715\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dissection_cubital_fossa1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dissection_cubital_fossa1.png 925w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dissection_cubital_fossa1-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/dissection_cubital_fossa1-768x594.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 6. Dissection of the cubital fossa<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_11\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Videos<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_11\">\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"DISSECTION - FRONT OF ARM\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yZ9QRcpS8L0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption><strong>Video 1. Dissection of arm<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"QUICK REVISION OF UPPER LIMB DISSECTION FOR ANATOMY VIVA \/ PRACTICAL PART-1 - BY DR MITESH DAVE\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sJjJwO02k0g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption><strong>Video 2. Dissection of the arm<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_12\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Clinical information<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_12\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>To test the biceps brachii muscle<\/em>, one must flex the elbow joint against resistance while the forearm is supinated. If normal, the muscle has to form a prominent and palpable bulge on the anterior surface of the arm.<\/li><li><em>To test the brachialis muscle<\/em>, the forearm has to be semipronated and flexed against resistance. If normal, the muscle can be seen and palpated.<\/li><li><em>To test the triceps brachii muscle<\/em>, one must abduct the arm at 90\u00b0 and extend the forearm against resistance. If normal, the muscle can be seen and palpated. The anconeus muscle can be tested together with the triceps.<\/li><li><strong>Rupture of the biceps brachii tendon<\/strong>: <ul><li>An excessive, sudden force applied to the biceps may result in the rupture of its tendon (most often the proximal one), producing a characteristic deformity known as the \u201cPopeye\u201d sign.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/rupture.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Muscles of the arm\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/rupture-600x441.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23941\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 7. Rupture of the proximal tendon of the biceps<\/strong> <strong>(&#8220;Popeye&#8221; sign)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_13\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References_and_further_reading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References_and_further_reading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">References and further reading<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_13\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Fiac, Moore Keith MSc PhD Hon. DSc, et al.&nbsp;<em>Clinically Oriented Anatomy<\/em>. 8th ed., LWW, 2017.&nbsp;<strong>p715<\/strong><\/li><li>Faaa, Drake Richard PhD, et al.&nbsp;<em>Gray\u2019s Anatomy for Students<\/em>. 4th ed., Elsevier, 2019.&nbsp;<strong>p722<\/strong><\/li><li>Ichimura K, Kinose S, Kawasaki Y, Okamura T, Kato K, Sakai T. Anatomic characterization of the humeral nutrient artery:&nbsp;<em>Application to fracture and surgery of the humerus.&nbsp;<\/em>Clin Anat. 2017 Oct;30(7):978-987. doi: 10.1002\/ca.22976. Epub 2017 Aug 21. PMID: 28795436.<\/li><li>Figures 1-3 by OpenStax, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0<\/li><li>Figures 4-6 by Dr. Stancu George, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0<\/li><li>Figure 7 by Dr. James Heilman, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compartments<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anterior compartment<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coracobrachialis muscle<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biceps brachii muscle<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brachialis muscle<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Posterior compartment<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Triceps brachii muscle<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anconeus muscle<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional resources<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dissection images<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Videos<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical information<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References_and_further_reading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References_and_further_reading\">References and further reading<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Compartments These muscles are divided by the intermuscular septum into two compartments: anterior and posterior compartments. Anterior compartment The anterior compartment includes: Coracobrachialis muscle Biceps brachii muscle Brachialis muscle Coracobrachialis muscle The coracobrachialis muscle originates at the tip of the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts at the medial side of the midshaft of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3466,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3640","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Muscles of the arm &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/upper-limb\/arm\/muscles-of-the-arm\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/upper-limb\\\/arm\\\/muscles-of-the-arm\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/upper-limb\\\/arm\\\/muscles-of-the-arm\\\/\",\"name\":\"Muscles of the arm &#8211; 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