{"id":3475,"date":"2020-12-29T12:47:54","date_gmt":"2020-12-29T11:47:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/upper-limb\/bones\/bones-of-the-upper-limb\/"},"modified":"2021-11-30T18:23:04","modified_gmt":"2021-11-30T16:23:04","slug":"bones-of-the-upper-limb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/upper-limb\/bones\/bones-of-the-upper-limb\/","title":{"rendered":"Bones of the upper limb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The bones of the upper limb include the bones of the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shoulder_bones.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Bones of the upper limb\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1004\" height=\"297\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shoulder_bones.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shoulder_bones.png 1004w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shoulder_bones-300x89.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/shoulder_bones-768x227.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1004px) 100vw, 1004px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Bones of the shoulder<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">The bones of the shoulder<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bones of the shoulder attach the axial skeleton (the bones in the midline of the body, consisting of the vertebral column, skull, and ribcage) to the arm. They consist of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>clavicle<\/strong><\/li><li>The <strong>scapula<\/strong> (shoulder blade)<\/li><li>The <strong>proximal portion of the humerus<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first two are collectively known as the bones of the <strong>pectoral girdle<\/strong>. Although the humerus belongs to the arm, its proximal part is contained within the socket of the shoulder joint.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">The bones of the arm<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bones of the arm consist of the&nbsp;<strong>humerus<\/strong>. Gray&#8217;s Anatomy specifies the middle and distal parts of the humerus belong to the arm, together with the proximal portions of the <strong>radius<\/strong> and <strong>ulna<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/humerus_openstax.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Bones of the upper limb\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/humerus_openstax-475x600.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23835\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 2. The humerus<\/strong> (Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">The bones of the forearm<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bones of the forearm consist of the&nbsp;<strong>radius&nbsp;<\/strong>and&nbsp;<strong>ulna<\/strong>. Gray\u2019s Anatomy specifies the shaft and distal ends of these bones as the components of the forearm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/radius_ulna.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Bones of the upper limb\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/radius_ulna-463x600.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23852\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 3. The radius and ulna<\/strong> (Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">The bones of the hand<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bones of the hand can be divided into three major groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>carpal bones<\/strong><\/li><li>The <strong>metacarpal bones<\/strong><\/li><li>The <strong>bones of the phalanges<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The carpal bones together with the distal portions of the radius and ulna are referred to as the <strong>bones of the wrist<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/bones_of_the_hand.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Bones of the upper limb\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/bones_of_the_hand-600x578.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28550\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 4. The bones of the hand<\/strong> (Credit: Mariana Ruiz Villarreal, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The bones of the shoulder<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The bones of the arm<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The bones of the forearm<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The bones of the hand<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The bones of the shoulder The bones of the shoulder attach the axial skeleton (the bones in the midline of the body, consisting of the vertebral column, skull, and ribcage) to the arm. They consist of: The clavicle The scapula (shoulder blade) The proximal portion of the humerus The first two are collectively known as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":5854,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3475","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bones of the upper limb &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/upper-limb\/bones\/bones-of-the-upper-limb\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/upper-limb\\\/bones\\\/bones-of-the-upper-limb\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/upper-limb\\\/bones\\\/bones-of-the-upper-limb\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bones of the upper limb &#8211; 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