{"id":3051,"date":"2020-12-13T21:22:39","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T19:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/neurohistology\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/"},"modified":"2022-07-30T22:55:43","modified_gmt":"2022-07-30T20:55:43","slug":"neurons-of-the-cerebellum","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/","title":{"rendered":"Neurons of the Cerebellum"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Neurons of the cerebellar cortex by layers<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Molecular layer<\/strong> &#8212; Contains <strong>Stellate,&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Basket<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Purkinje<\/strong>*<strong>,<\/strong>&nbsp;and <strong>Lugaro cells<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Granular layer&nbsp;<\/strong>&#8211; Contains&nbsp;<strong>Golgi<\/strong> and&nbsp;<strong>Granular cells<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>All of these cells are neurons<\/strong>, and they are surrounded by neuroglial cells. Apart from the neuroglial cells we&#8217;ve covered at the beginning, there&#8217;s another type of glial cells that is specific to the cerebellum, the Bergmann glial cell, discussed in the previous article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All of the neurons apart from Granule cells (thus &#8212; stellate, basket, Golgi, Purkinje, and Lugaro cells) are considered <strong>inhibitory&nbsp;<\/strong>&#8212; meaning, they contain inhibitory synapses at the end of their axons, and they use inhibitory neurotransmitters (<strong>GABA<\/strong>, so they are GABAergic).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Granule cells are therefore considered <strong>excitatory<\/strong> and use excitatory neurotransmitters (<strong>Glutamate<\/strong>, so they are Glutamatergic).<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Molecular layer<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>As mentioned earlier, most sources consider the Purkinje cell layer as part of the molecular layer, therefore, this layer contains the Stellate, Basket, Purkinje, and Lugaro cells.<\/li><li>The major, outermost eosinophilic area contains the <strong>stellate<\/strong> and <strong>basket cells<\/strong>, usually, we can only see their nucleus and we can&#8217;t distinguish between them<ul><li>Stellate cells are located more superficially to the Basket cells.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Underneath, we can find the&nbsp;most prominent (and arguably important) cell at this layer &#8212; the <strong>Purkinje cell<\/strong>. Its size is huge, and we can even see its dendrites.<\/li><li>The lowest part of the molecular layer contains the <strong>Lugaro cells<\/strong> which are also usually not visible in standard preparations<ul><li>These cells border between the molecular and granular layers. Lugaro cells have an inhibitory function<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Purkinje cells are the efferent neurons of the cerebellum<\/strong>, and as mentioned above, they use GABA for their inhibitory function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The axons of the Purkinje cell penetrate deep into the white matter to reach the deep cerebellar nuclei.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Granular layer<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Granular cells<\/strong><ul><li>The only excitatory cells of the cerebellum<\/li><li>Form the parallel fibers which form excitatory synapses on the Purkinje cells<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Golgi cells<\/strong><ul><li>Together with other fibers, they form synapse complexes on granular cells known as <strong>cerebellar glomeruli<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Heavy metal impregnation techniques<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Bielschowsky impregnation<\/strong> to show axons in black, and neuron cell bodies in brownish-yellow<\/li><li><strong>Golgi impregnation<\/strong> (do not mix with Golgi cells! They have the same name but completely different meaning) is used to impregnate cell bodies and the processes (axons &amp; dendrites) including pia matter, giving them a black appearance<ul><li>We can sometimes see Bergmann and granule cells<\/li><li>The Purkinje layer is well visible on both impregnation techniques<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screenshot_23.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Neurons of the Cerebellum\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screenshot_23-600x571.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8725\"\/><\/a><figcaption> <strong>Bergmann cell processes<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neurons of the cerebellar cortex by layers<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Molecular layer<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Granular layer<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Heavy metal impregnation techniques<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neurons of the cerebellar cortex by layers Molecular layer &#8212; Contains Stellate,&nbsp;Basket,&nbsp;Purkinje*,&nbsp;and Lugaro cells Granular layer&nbsp;&#8211; Contains&nbsp;Golgi and&nbsp;Granular cells All of these cells are neurons, and they are surrounded by neuroglial cells. Apart from the neuroglial cells we&#8217;ve covered at the beginning, there&#8217;s another type of glial cells that is specific to the cerebellum, the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"parent":3030,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3051","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neurons of the Cerebellum &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/cerebellum\\\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/cerebellum\\\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\\\/\",\"name\":\"Neurons of the Cerebellum &#8211; Meddists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/cerebellum\\\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/cerebellum\\\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/Screenshot_23-600x571.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-13T19:22:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-07-30T20:55:43+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/cerebellum\\\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/cerebellum\\\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/cerebellum\\\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/Screenshot_23-600x571.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/Screenshot_23-600x571.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/cerebellum\\\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pre-clinical\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Histology\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Nervous system\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Cerebellum\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/cerebellum\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":6,\"name\":\"Neurons of the Cerebellum\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\",\"name\":\"Meddists\",\"description\":\"Let&#039;s Get Studying\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Neurons of the Cerebellum &#8211; Meddists","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/","name":"Neurons of the Cerebellum &#8211; Meddists","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screenshot_23-600x571.png","datePublished":"2020-12-13T19:22:39+00:00","dateModified":"2022-07-30T20:55:43+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screenshot_23-600x571.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Screenshot_23-600x571.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/neurons-of-the-cerebellum\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pre-clinical","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Histology","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Nervous system","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Cerebellum","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/cerebellum\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":6,"name":"Neurons of the Cerebellum"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/","name":"Meddists","description":"Let&#039;s Get Studying","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3051"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10937,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3051\/revisions\/10937"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}