{"id":3044,"date":"2020-12-13T21:20:18","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T19:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/neurohistology\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/"},"modified":"2021-12-11T13:57:44","modified_gmt":"2021-12-11T11:57:44","slug":"neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuroglial cells of the CNS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> <div class=\"intro\">Neuroglial cells are the supporting cells of the nervous system. They can be classified into two groups depending on the part of the nervous system.<\/div> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/neuroglial1.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Neuroglial cells of the CNS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/neuroglial1-600x480.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8703\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. <strong>Types of neuroglial cells<\/strong><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Astrocytes<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The largest of neuroglial cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Closely associated with neurons to support and modulate their activities<ul><li>Moving metabolites (namely <strong>potassium regulation<\/strong>&nbsp;(buffering) in the brain)<\/li><li>Water homeostasis to and from brain tissue<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Induce the formation of synapses<\/li><li>Provide coverage for the bare areas of myelinated axons (nodes of Ranvier and synapses), however, they&nbsp;<strong>do not<\/strong> form myelin<\/li><li>Help maintain (but <strong>not<\/strong> form) the blood-brain barrier.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>So to sum up, they help in the maintenance, but they don&#8217;t form any structures (myelin or blood-brain barrier).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">There are two types of astrocytes:<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Protoplasmic astrocytes<\/strong><ul><li>Common in gray matter, contain short branching cytoplasmic processes and some intermediate filaments (remember &#8212; gray matter &#8212; cell body &#8212; &#8220;plasma&#8221;)<\/li><li>Protoplasmic astrocytes which are located on the surface of the CNS extend their processes called <strong>subpial feet<\/strong>&nbsp;to the basal lamina of the meninges (specifically, the <strong>pia mater<\/strong> &#8212; more about that at the meninges lesson)<ul><li>These process form a relatively impermeable barrier called&nbsp;<strong>glia limitans<\/strong>, right below the basal lamina of the pia mater<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Fibrous astrocytes<\/strong><ul><li>Common in white matter, contain a lot of intermediate filaments (remember &#8212; white matter &#8212; axon fibers &#8212; &#8220;fibrous&#8221;)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Oligodendrocytes<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Produce and maintain the myelin sheath in the CNS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In a similar but more complex fashion than Schwann cells \u2013 oligodendrocytes wrap their plasma membrane around axons, using processes that find their way to the axons<\/li><li>Multiple processes can myelinate one axon or several axons<\/li><li>Oligodendrocytes <strong>do not<\/strong> exhibit basal lamina on their external surface<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/500px-Neuron_with_oligodendrocyte_and_myelin_sheath-21.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Neuroglial cells of the CNS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/500px-Neuron_with_oligodendrocyte_and_myelin_sheath-21.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8705\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 2. <strong>Oligodendrocyte myelinating an axon<\/strong><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Microglial cells<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phagocytotic cells, the smallest of the neuroglial cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recall that they have a different embryological origin (yolk sac \u2013 Granulocyte\/Monocyte progenitor or GMP cells), resembling macrophages, and that explains their function<\/li><li>Normally, they account for about 5% of all glial cells in the CNS, but in case of an injury they proliferate and become active.<\/li><li>Microglial cells are considered to be a part of the <strong>Mononuclear Phagocytotic System<\/strong> (MPS)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Ependymal cells<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Form the epithelium-like lining of surfaces that come in contact with the<strong> cerebrospinal fluid<\/strong> (CSF) &#8212; that is, the ventricles of the brain and <strong>spinal canal<\/strong> (<strong>central canal<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Highly important in the maintenance of the CSF<ul><li>In the brain ventricles, they are modified to produce it (CSF), forming the <strong>choroid plexus<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>A single layer of simple cuboidal to columnar cells<\/li><li>The cells&nbsp;possess cilia and microvilli<ul><li>Help absorb and sample CSF<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Tight junctions are present between the cells<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">References<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><strong>Figure 1.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong>Blausen.com staff (2014). CC BY-SA 4.0<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Astrocytes<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">There are two types of astrocytes:<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oligodendrocytes<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Microglial cells<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ependymal cells<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astrocytes The largest of neuroglial cells. Closely associated with neurons to support and modulate their activities Moving metabolites (namely potassium regulation&nbsp;(buffering) in the brain) Water homeostasis to and from brain tissue Induce the formation of synapses Provide coverage for the bare areas of myelinated axons (nodes of Ranvier and synapses), however, they&nbsp;do not form myelin [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"parent":3028,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3044","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neuroglial cells of the CNS &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\\\/\",\"name\":\"Neuroglial cells of the CNS &#8211; Meddists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/neuroglial1-600x480.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-13T19:20:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-11T11:57:44+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/neuroglial1-600x480.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/01\\\/neuroglial1-600x480.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pre-clinical\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Histology\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Nervous system\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Introduction\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":6,\"name\":\"Neuroglial cells of the CNS\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\",\"name\":\"Meddists\",\"description\":\"Let&#039;s Get Studying\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Neuroglial cells of the CNS &#8211; Meddists","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/","name":"Neuroglial cells of the CNS &#8211; Meddists","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/neuroglial1-600x480.png","datePublished":"2020-12-13T19:20:18+00:00","dateModified":"2021-12-11T11:57:44+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/neuroglial1-600x480.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/neuroglial1-600x480.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-cns\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pre-clinical","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Histology","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Nervous system","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Introduction","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":6,"name":"Neuroglial cells of the CNS"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/","name":"Meddists","description":"Let&#039;s Get Studying","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3044"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9056,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3044\/revisions\/9056"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3028"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}