{"id":3043,"date":"2020-12-13T21:20:17","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T19:20:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/neurohistology\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-pns\/"},"modified":"2021-12-11T13:54:39","modified_gmt":"2021-12-11T11:54:39","slug":"neuroglial-cells-of-the-pns","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-pns\/","title":{"rendered":"Neuroglial cells of the PNS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">Neuroglial cells are the supporting cells of the nervous system. They can be classified into two groups depending on the part of the nervous system.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/neuroglial1.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Neuroglial cells of the PNS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/neuroglial1-600x480.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8703\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Types of neuroglial cells<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Schwann cells<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schwann cells produce the myelin sheath in the PNS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Isolates the axon, ensuring rapid conduction of nerve impulses.<\/li><li>During myelination, the axon rests on the Schwann cell, which then engulfs the axon, wrapping and twisting in a spiral.<\/li><li>The cytoplasm is squeezed and usually, there will be no cytoplasm left at the tightly wrapped portion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Periferal_nerve_myelination1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Neuroglial cells of the PNS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Periferal_nerve_myelination1-600x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8700\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 2. <strong>Myelination of a peripheral axon<\/strong><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The thickness of the myelin sheath (essentially, the number of Schwann cell looping) is determined by molecules exhibited on the surface of the axon, <strong>Neuregulin (Ngr1)<\/strong>, therefore, it is not controlled by the Schwann cell itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The thickness influences the conduction speed and insulation (thicker = more insulated, therefore more conduction and less interference).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The myelin sheath is segmented, since it&#8217;s formed by numerous Schwann cells arranged one after another, looking like \u201cbeads on a string\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The small gaps where two adjacent Schwann cells meet are known as <strong>nodes of Raniver<\/strong>, while the myelin between two nodes (the \u201cbead\u201d part) is called the <strong>internodal segment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> Unmyelinated axons are also partially covered by Schwann cells!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even though unmyelinated axons lack the typical arrangement described above, they are still invested and surrounded at least partially by the Schwann cell. A single Schwann cell can support well over 20 axons, embedded within itself<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Satellite cells<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Satellite cells <span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">surround the cell body of neurons in the PNS<\/span>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their function is to provide support and insulation to neurons; hence, their function is analogous to that of Schwann cells, except they don&#8217;t form myelin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In H&amp;E slides we can only see their highly heterochromatic nuclei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1210_Glial_Cells_of_the_PNS1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Neuroglial cells of the PNS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1210_Glial_Cells_of_the_PNS1-600x375.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8701\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 3. <strong>Schwann and satellite cells<\/strong><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">References<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><strong>Figure 1.\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong>Blausen.com staff (2014). CC BY-SA 4.0<\/li><li><strong>Figure 2, 3. <\/strong>OpenStax, Anatomy and Physiology. CC BY-SA 4.0<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Schwann cells<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Satellite cells<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Schwann cells Schwann cells produce the myelin sheath in the PNS. Isolates the axon, ensuring rapid conduction of nerve impulses. During myelination, the axon rests on the Schwann cell, which then engulfs the axon, wrapping and twisting in a spiral. The cytoplasm is squeezed and usually, there will be no cytoplasm left at the tightly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"parent":3028,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3043","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neuroglial cells of the PNS &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-pns\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-pns\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/neuroglial-cells-of-the-pns\\\/\",\"name\":\"Neuroglial cells of the PNS &#8211; 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