{"id":3040,"date":"2020-12-13T21:20:17","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T19:20:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/neurohistology\/introduction\/basics-of-neurohistology\/"},"modified":"2021-12-03T13:50:18","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T11:50:18","slug":"basics-of-neurohistology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/basics-of-neurohistology\/","title":{"rendered":"Basics of Neurohistology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">Nervous tissue transmits, receives, and reacts to information about changes in our internal and external environment.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/OSC_Microbio_26_01_NervSys.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Basics of Neurohistology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/OSC_Microbio_26_01_NervSys-600x595.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9052\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. <strong>The divisions of the nervous system<\/strong><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">CNS and PNS<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>CNS<\/strong> = Central nervous system = Nerve tissue in the cranial cavity and the spinal canal.<ul><li>This includes the brain and spinal cord.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>PNS<\/strong> = Peripheral nervous system = Nerve tissue outside of the cranial cavity and spinal canal.<ul><li>This includes all peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, ganglia, and plexuses.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">White and gray matter<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The CNS can be further divided into <strong>white <\/strong>and <strong>gray matter<\/strong>. This description stems from the gross appearance of the tissues in anatomical specimens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The simplest explanation is that gray matter is the neuron\u2019s cell body, while the white matter is the axon itself (\u201cconduction lines\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Note that the distribution of white and gray matter differs in the brain and spinal cord:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the brain, white matter is located internally, while gray matter is at the periphery. <\/li><li>In the spinal cord, the opposite is true; gray matter is located internally, and white matter is at the periphery.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/CCQEhwCVIAA2hZr1.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Basics of Neurohistology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/CCQEhwCVIAA2hZr1-300x232.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8532\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 2. White and gray matter distribution in the brain<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Figure_35_04_041.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Basics of Neurohistology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Figure_35_04_041-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8533\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 3. White and gray matter distribution in the spinal cord<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Embryological origins<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The two parts of our nervous system are derived from two sources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>CNS cells<\/strong> are derived from neuroectodermal cells of the neural tube (with one exception \u2013 <em>microglial cells<\/em>, which come from the <em>yolk sac<\/em>).<\/li><li><strong>PNS cells<\/strong> are derived from the cells of the neural crest.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Cell population<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nerve tissue is composed of two cell populations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Neurons \u2013 <\/strong>Receive, process, transduce information.<\/li><li><strong>Neuroglial\/supporting cells \u2013<\/strong> Offer physical protection, insulation, and repair.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">References and further reading<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Faaa, P. W. M., &amp; PhD, M. R. H. (2018).&nbsp;<em>Histology: A Text and Atlas: With Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology<\/em>&nbsp;(8th ed.). LWW.<\/li><li>Figures 1,3 by OpenStax, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0<\/li><li>Figure 2 by Emma Vought, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">CNS and PNS<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">White and gray matter<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Embryological origins<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cell population<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References and further reading<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CNS and PNS CNS = Central nervous system = Nerve tissue in the cranial cavity and the spinal canal. This includes the brain and spinal cord. PNS = Peripheral nervous system = Nerve tissue outside of the cranial cavity and spinal canal. This includes all peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, ganglia, and plexuses. White and gray [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"parent":3028,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3040","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basics of Neurohistology &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/histology\/nervous-system\/introduction\/basics-of-neurohistology\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/basics-of-neurohistology\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/histology\\\/nervous-system\\\/introduction\\\/basics-of-neurohistology\\\/\",\"name\":\"Basics of Neurohistology &#8211; 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