{"id":2362,"date":"2020-09-21T13:00:35","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T11:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/gene-expression\/regulation-of-gene-expression-nuclear-receptors\/"},"modified":"2022-01-27T07:39:01","modified_gmt":"2022-01-27T05:39:01","slug":"regulation-of-gene-expression-nuclear-receptors","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\/gene-expression\/regulation-of-gene-expression-nuclear-receptors\/","title":{"rendered":"Regulation of Gene Expression (nuclear receptors)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\"> Definitions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nuclear receptor family:<\/strong>&nbsp;Intracellular and nuclear receptors for hydrophobic hormones.<ul><li>Thyroid hormones<\/li><li>Retinoid hormones<\/li><li>Steroids<\/li><li>1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 <\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title4\">Features<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nuclear receptors have two domains<ul><li>DNA binding domain (<strong>DBD<\/strong>)<\/li><li>Ligand-binding domain (<strong>LBD<\/strong>)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Zinc- finger motifs are responsible for the DNA binding<\/li><li>Act as transcription factors<\/li><li>Different type of receptors are there<\/li><li>They can form hetero or homo-dimers<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Types of receptors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><tbody><tr><td>Endocrine receptors<\/td><td>Endocrine receptors<\/td><td>Adopted \u201corphan receptors\u201d<\/td><td>Orphan receptors<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ER<\/td><td>RAR<\/td><td>RXR<\/td><td>SF-1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PR<\/td><td>TR<\/td><td>PPAR<\/td><td>LRH-1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AR<\/td><td>VDR<\/td><td>LXR<\/td><td>SHP<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GR<\/td><td><\/td><td>FXR<\/td><td>TLX<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MR<\/td><td><\/td><td>PXR\/SXR<\/td><td>NGFI-B<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>CAR<\/td><td>ROR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>ERR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>HNF-4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>COUP-TF<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Regulation of gene expression<\/h1>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The signal appears in the cytosol&nbsp;<strong>(Type I)<\/strong><\/li><li>The signal appears in the nucleus<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">The signal appears in the cytosol (Type I)<\/h1>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ligand binding to nuclear receptors in the cytosol results in the dissociation of heat shock proteins<\/li><li>homo-dimerization<\/li><li>translocation (active transport) from the cytoplasm into the cell nucleus<\/li><li>binding to specific sequences of DNA known as hormone response elements (HREs)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Type I nuclear receptors include the androgen receptor, estrogen receptors, glucocorticoid receptor, and progesterone receptor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene23.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Regulation of Gene Expression (nuclear receptors)\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"764\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene23-1024x764.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene23-1024x764.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene23-300x224.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene23-768x573.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene23-1536x1146.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene23-2048x1529.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Type I. <\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\"><strong>The signal appearing in the cytosol (Type II)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Type II receptors are retained in the nucleus regardless of the ligand binding status and in addition bind as hetero-dimers (usually with RXR) to DNA<\/li><li>In the absence of ligand, type II nuclear receptors are complexed with corepressor proteins<\/li><li>Ligand binding to the nuclear receptor results dissociation of corepressor and recruitment of coactivator proteins<\/li><li>Type II nuclear receptors include the retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor and thyroid hormone receptor<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene24.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Regulation of Gene Expression (nuclear receptors)\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"477\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene24-1024x477.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene24-1024x477.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene24-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene24-768x358.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene24-1536x715.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/gene24-2048x953.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 2. Type 2<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key terms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nuclear receptor<\/li><li>Orphan receptor<\/li><li>LBD<\/li><li>DBD<\/li><li>Enhancer<\/li><li>Silencer<\/li><li>Regulation<\/li><li>HRE<\/li><li>Gene expression<\/li><li>Corepressor<\/li><li>Coactivator<\/li><li>Heat shock proteins<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Snider MDS. Devlin\u2019s Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, the 8th Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Incorporated, 2020; 2019.<\/li><li>R. Ferrier D. Biochemistry. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; 2013.<\/li><li>Histone modifications<\/li><li>Bonasio, R., Tu, S., &amp; Reinberg, D. (2010). Molecular signals of epigenetic states. science, 330(6004), 612-616.<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Features<\/h4><h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regulation of gene expression<\/h1><h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The signal appears in the cytosol (Type I)<\/h1><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The signal appearing in the cytosol (Type II)<\/strong><\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Features Nuclear receptors have two domains DNA binding domain (DBD) Ligand-binding domain (LBD) Zinc- finger motifs are responsible for the DNA binding Act as transcription factors Different type of receptors are there They can form hetero or homo-dimers Types of receptors Endocrine receptors Endocrine receptors Adopted \u201corphan receptors\u201d Orphan receptors ER RAR RXR SF-1 PR [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2331,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2362","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Regulation of Gene Expression (nuclear receptors) &#8211; 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