{"id":2359,"date":"2020-09-21T13:00:32","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T11:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/gene-expression\/rna-processing\/"},"modified":"2022-09-03T10:53:31","modified_gmt":"2022-09-03T08:53:31","slug":"rna-processing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\/gene-expression\/rna-processing\/","title":{"rendered":"RNA Processing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">RNA processing describes the series of steps in which the primary transcript produced from DNA (pre-mRNA) acquires its final form as a mature messenger RNA.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Definitions<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-e44292d9-d2d2-4ac1-b0df-9d947a2ed7f1\"><li><strong>Central dogma<\/strong>.\u00a0Describes how proteins are made, in the sequence of DNA -> RNA -> Protein<\/li><li><strong>Transcription<\/strong>.\u00a0Copying the information from DNA into pre-mRNA (messenger RNA). Pre-mRNA must be processed into a mature messenger RNA (see <strong>Processing<\/strong>).<\/li><li><strong>Processing<\/strong>.\u00a0Removal of extra nucleotides, post-transcriptional modification, and the stabilization of the RNA transcript.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Steps<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Chromatin changes into the active form<\/li><li>Transcription factor binds to the opened sequence promoter region<\/li><li>Control elements bind to the sequence of the current gene (enhancers, silencers, special transcriptional factors)<\/li><li>Activation of RNA polymerase II<\/li><li>Transcription (see above)<\/li><li><strong>Processing<\/strong><ul><li>Capping<\/li><li>Removal of introns<\/li><li>Poly-AAA tailing<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Transport to the cytosol<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/mrna.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"RNA Processing\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/mrna-1024x907.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10223\" width=\"512\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/mrna-1024x907.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/mrna-300x266.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/mrna-768x680.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/mrna-1536x1360.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/mrna-2048x1813.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Processing<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#d2f2e5\"><li><strong>Cleavage<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Elongation<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Termination<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The primary transcript contains an excess amount of nucleotides in the form of non-coding regions (introns):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The 5\u2032 end is capped by the capping enzyme<\/li><li>The spliceosome cleaves out the introns<\/li><li>Polyadenylation of the 3\u2032 end<\/li><li>Transport to the cytosol<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Key terms<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Primary transcript<\/li><li>Endonucleases<\/li><li>Exonucleases<\/li><li>Capping<\/li><li>Polyadenylation<\/li><li>Spliceosome<\/li><li>Cleavage<\/li><li>Intron<\/li><li>Exon<\/li><li>Transport<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\" class=\"title_collection title1\">References<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Snider MDS. Devlin\u2019s&nbsp;<strong>Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations<\/strong>, the 8th Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Incorporated, 2020; 2019.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definitions<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Steps<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Processing<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key terms<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">References<\/h3><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Definitions Central dogma.\u00a0Describes how proteins are made, in the sequence of DNA -> RNA -> Protein Transcription.\u00a0Copying the information from DNA into pre-mRNA (messenger RNA). Pre-mRNA must be processed into a mature messenger RNA (see Processing). Processing.\u00a0Removal of extra nucleotides, post-transcriptional modification, and the stabilization of the RNA transcript. Steps Chromatin changes into the active [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2331,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2359","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>RNA Processing &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\/gene-expression\/rna-processing\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\\\/gene-expression\\\/rna-processing\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\\\/gene-expression\\\/rna-processing\\\/\",\"name\":\"RNA Processing &#8211; 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