{"id":2356,"date":"2020-09-21T13:00:29","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T11:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/gene-expression\/eukaryotic-genome-organization-in-general-definitions\/"},"modified":"2021-12-30T07:35:44","modified_gmt":"2021-12-30T05:35:44","slug":"eukaryotic-genome-organization-in-general-definitions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\/gene-expression\/eukaryotic-genome-organization-in-general-definitions\/","title":{"rendered":"Eukaryotic Genome Organization in General (Definitions)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">Eukaryotic genome organization in general means how your cells are capable to pack an extremely high amount of information into a small nucleus. <\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">DNA \u2014 Deoxyribonucleic acid<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Function<\/strong>: Information storage&nbsp;of all the proteins and genes.<\/li><li><strong>Composition:<\/strong>&nbsp;purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (<a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/nucleotides\/pyrimidine-nucleotide-synthesis\/\">Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/nucleotides\/purine-nucleotide-synthesis\/\">,&nbsp;Purin nucleotide synthesis<\/a>).<\/li><li><strong>Nucleotides in DNA<\/strong>:<ul><li><strong>Adenine \u2013 dATP<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Thymine \u2013 dTTP<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Guanine \u2013 dGTP<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Cytosine \u2013 dCTP<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">RNA \u2014 Ribonucleic acid<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Function:<\/strong>&nbsp;Information storage \u2014&nbsp;required for protein translation, has ribosomal activity<\/li><li><strong>Composed of:<\/strong>&nbsp;purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, Purin nucleotide synthesis)<\/li><li><strong>Nucleotides in RNA:<\/strong><ul><li><strong>Uracil<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Guanine<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Cytosine<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Adenine<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Other components<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Gene:<\/strong>&nbsp;coding sequence of a protein<\/li><li><strong>EXON:<\/strong>&nbsp;coding region of a gene<\/li><li><strong>INTRON:<\/strong>&nbsp;non-coding region of a gene<\/li><li><strong>Promoter region:<\/strong>&nbsp;region of DNA where the transcription of a gene starts\/initiates<\/li><li><strong>TATA box:<\/strong>&nbsp;a sequence of the promoter region, where the transcription starts<\/li><li><strong>Nucleosome:<\/strong>&nbsp;unit of the chromatin, composed of 8 Histones together with the DNA coiled around them<\/li><li><strong>Histone(s) proteins:<\/strong>&nbsp;special alkalic proteins<ul><li><strong>Function:<\/strong>&nbsp;packaging&nbsp; the DNA into structural units (nucleosomes)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Chromatin:<\/strong>&nbsp;DNA and Histone proteins together in eukaryotic cells<ul><li><strong>Types of chromatin:<\/strong>&nbsp;Euchromatin and Heterochromatin<\/li><li><strong>EU-chromatin:<\/strong>&nbsp;Active, loosen up, gene expression<\/li><li><strong>HETERO-chromatin:<\/strong>&nbsp;closed, tightened, no gene expression<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Eukaryotic genome:<\/strong>&nbsp; the total amount of genetic information in the cell<ul><li><strong>Composed of:<\/strong><ul><li>DNA<\/li><li>RNAs<\/li><li>mitochondrial DNA<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Chromosome(s):<\/strong>&nbsp;the super-condensed form of DNA<ul><li><strong>Appearance:<\/strong>&nbsp;only during cell division<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/gene.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Eukaryotic Genome Organization in General (Definitions)\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"908\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/gene-908x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/gene-908x1024.png 908w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/gene-266x300.png 266w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/gene-768x866.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/gene-1362x1536.png 1362w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/gene-1815x2048.png 1815w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/gene.png 1982w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 908px) 100vw, 908px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\" class=\"title_collection title1\">References<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Snider MDS. Devlin\u2019s&nbsp;<strong>Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations<\/strong>, the 8th Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Incorporated, 2020; 2019.<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">DNA \u2014 Deoxyribonucleic acid<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">RNA \u2014 Ribonucleic acid<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other components<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"References\">References<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DNA \u2014 Deoxyribonucleic acid Function: Information storage&nbsp;of all the proteins and genes. Composition:&nbsp;purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis,&nbsp;Purin nucleotide synthesis). Nucleotides in DNA: Adenine \u2013 dATP Thymine \u2013 dTTP Guanine \u2013 dGTP Cytosine \u2013 dCTP RNA \u2014 Ribonucleic acid Function:&nbsp;Information storage \u2014&nbsp;required for protein translation, has ribosomal activity Composed of:&nbsp;purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (Pyrimidine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2331,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2356","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Eukaryotic Genome Organization in General (Definitions) &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\/gene-expression\/eukaryotic-genome-organization-in-general-definitions\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\\\/gene-expression\\\/eukaryotic-genome-organization-in-general-definitions\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\\\/gene-expression\\\/eukaryotic-genome-organization-in-general-definitions\\\/\",\"name\":\"Eukaryotic Genome Organization in General (Definitions) &#8211; 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