{"id":2343,"date":"2020-09-21T12:18:29","date_gmt":"2020-09-21T10:18:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/sports-biochemistry\/doping-agents\/"},"modified":"2020-09-21T12:54:50","modified_gmt":"2020-09-21T10:54:50","slug":"doping-agents","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\/sports-biochemistry\/doping-agents\/","title":{"rendered":"Doping Agents"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Definition<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Doping agents are performance-enhancing drugs used for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>To increase endurance and aerobic capacity<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>To increase muscle mass and strength<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Decreasing fatigue and nervousness<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Improving recovery processes<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">To increase endurance and aerobic capacity<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Blood doping and erythropoietin (EPO)<\/strong><ul><li>Increase the amount of circulating hemoglobin<\/li><li>Increase aerobic performance.<\/li><li>It can be tested by determining hematocrit.<\/li><li>A maximum of 50% is acceptable.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Xenon<\/strong><ul><li>It is a noble gas.<\/li><li>Increases the level of EPO by stimulating HIF1\u03b1 production.<\/li><li>Increased EPO level increases the hemoglobin content of the blood.<\/li><li>Increasing the oxygen-transporting capacity.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Beta-2-agonists (CLENBUTEROL, ALBUTEROL)<\/strong><ul><li>Act as bronchodilators.<\/li><li>Permitting more air to pass.<\/li><li>Improving the aerobic performance in lung-healthy individuals.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">To increase muscle mass and strength<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Anabolic androgen steroids&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 Especially the hormone testosterone.<\/li><li><strong>Aromatase inhibitors<\/strong><ul><li>Enzyme inhibitors slow down the conversion of testosterone to estradiol.<\/li><li>Increasing the steady-state concentration of endogenous testosterone.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Substances decreasing feelings of fatigue and nervousness<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Imitate the effects of the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine<\/li><li>Amphetamine derivatives<\/li><li>Ephedrine<\/li><li>Cocaine<\/li><li>Alcohol.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Drugs improving the recovery processes<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Growth hormones: human growth hormone (hGH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1).<\/li><li>Inhibit apoptosis.<\/li><li>Substantially accelerating the regeneration processes after heavy exercise.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definition<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">To increase endurance and aerobic capacity<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">To increase muscle mass and strength<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Substances decreasing feelings of fatigue and nervousness<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Drugs improving the recovery processes<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Definition Doping agents are performance-enhancing drugs used for: To increase endurance and aerobic capacity To increase muscle mass and strength Decreasing fatigue and nervousness Improving recovery processes To increase endurance and aerobic capacity Blood doping and erythropoietin (EPO) Increase the amount of circulating hemoglobin Increase aerobic performance. It can be tested by determining hematocrit. A [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":278,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2343","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Doping Agents &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\/sports-biochemistry\/doping-agents\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\\\/sports-biochemistry\\\/doping-agents\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-tissues\\\/sports-biochemistry\\\/doping-agents\\\/\",\"name\":\"Doping Agents &#8211; 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