{"id":2134,"date":"2020-09-09T12:50:08","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T10:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/head-and-neck\/neck\/larynx\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\/"},"modified":"2020-10-29T17:57:36","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T15:57:36","slug":"laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/neck\/larynx\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\/","title":{"rendered":"Laryngeal folds, ligaments, and membranes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">The larynx is a complex structure made of cartilages interconnected by membranes, joints, ligaments, and muscles<strong>.<\/strong><\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Laryngeal folds<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The laryngeal folds are flaps of tissue located within the larynx internally, below the laryngeal inlet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are two types of laryngeal folds:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Vestibular fold<\/li><li>Vocal folds<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Vestibular folds<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>vestibular<\/strong>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<strong>ventricular&nbsp;folds<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u201cfalse\u201d vocal cords) are formed by the inferior edge of the quadrangular membrane. The vestibular folds extend from the thyroid to the arytenoid.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Vocal folds<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>vocal folds<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u201ctrue\u201d vocal cords) are the second type of folds, located inferiorly to the vestibular folds, extending from the vocal process of the arytenoids to the junction of the thyroid laminae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-cross-section.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2638\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-cross-section.png 520w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-cross-section-300x159.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Cross section of the larynx<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"599\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx_endoscopy-1024x599.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx_endoscopy-1024x599.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx_endoscopy-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx_endoscopy-768x449.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx_endoscopy-1536x898.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx_endoscopy.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 2. Endoscopic view of the laryngeal inlet, behind the tongue <strong>(superior and posterior view)<\/strong><\/strong> (Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2636\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy-1.png 960w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy-1-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy-1-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 3. Dissection of the larynx (anterior view)<\/strong> (Credit: Dr. Misaca Stefan Catalin, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Ligaments and membranes<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ligaments and membranes of the larynx can be classified into two groups:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Extrinsic ligaments and membranes, which attach the larynx to nearby structures such as the hyoid bone or trachea.<\/li><li>Intrinsic ligaments and membranes, which connect between laryngeal cartilages.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Extrinsic ligaments and membranes<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This group includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Thyrohyoid membrane<\/strong><ul><li>Attaches the posterior surface of the hyoid bone to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Hyoepiglottic ligament<\/strong><ul><li>Attaches the epiglottis with the upper border of the hyoid bone.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Cricotracheal ligament<\/strong><ul><li>Attaches the cricoid cartilage to the first ring of the trachea.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Thyrohyoid membrane<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The thyrohyoid membrane consists of the median and lateral thyrohyoid ligaments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The median ligament attaches the superior laryngeal notch to the body of the hyoid bone.<\/li><li>The lateral ligaments attach the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage to the posterior surface of the hyoid bone.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Intrinsic ligaments and membranes<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;This group includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Quadrangular membrane<\/strong><ul><li>Connects between the epiglottis, arytenoid, corniculate, and thyroid cartilages.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Conus elasticus<\/strong><ul><li>Connects between the cricoid, thyroid, and arytenoid cartilages.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Vocal ligament<\/strong><ul><li>Extends from the thyroid cartilage to each arytenoid cartilage.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Cricothyroid membrane<\/strong><ul><li>Attaches the cricoid cartilage to the inferior edge of the thyroid cartilage.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Cricocorniculate ligament<\/strong><ul><li>Attaches the circoid cartilage to each corniculate cartilage.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Thyroepiglottic ligament<\/strong><ul><li>Attaches the inner median part of the thyroid cartilage to the stalk of the epiglottis.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Aryepiglottic ligament<\/strong><ul><li>Attaches apex of each arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Quadrangular membrane<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The quadrangular membrane attaches to the lateral margins of the epiglottis, each arytenoid and corniculate, and the <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From each side of the lateral margin of the epiglottis there\u2019s a membrane named the quadrangular membrane; its superior border forms the aryepiglottic ligament which is the main component of the aryepiglottic fold, while its inferior border forms the vestibular fold.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Conus elasticus<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The conus elasticus (also: cricovocal membrane) creates a cone-shaped structure, leaving only the rima glottis (the gap between the vocal cords) as a possible passage of the air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is attached to the inner side of the cricoid anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage, and posteriorly to the tip of the vocal process of the arytenoids, attaching to the vocal ligaments which are located superiorly.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_10\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Vocal ligament<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_10\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The vocal ligament extends from the junction of the thyroid laminae to the vocal process of the arytenoids. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As mentioned above, the conus elasticus creates a \u201ccone\u201d, with the vocal ligament being the thickened superior edge, and the rima glottis in between the folds (the \u201chole\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_11\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Cricothyroid membrane<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_11\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It cricothyroid membrane consists of the median and lateral cricothyroid ligaments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The median ligament (also known as the conic ligament) attaches the inferior laryngeal notch of the thyroid cartilage to the anterior superior edge of the cricoid cartilage.<\/li><li>The lateral ligaments attach the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage to the lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_12\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Clinical information<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_12\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cricothyrotomy<\/strong> (or <strong>conicotomy<\/strong>) is a life-saving procedure performed to allow access to the trachea and create an airway in case the pharynx or larynx are obstructed (such as in anaphylactic shock or trauma).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The skin and the median cricothyroid ligament are cut, and an endotracheal tube is inserted through the incision into the trachea, allowing air to pass through the tube.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"887\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-1024x887.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-1024x887.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-300x260.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-768x666.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx.png 1125w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 4. Laryngeal ligaments and membranes&nbsp;<\/strong>(Credit: Olek Remesz, CC BY 3.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy-1024x944.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2622\" width=\"580\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy-1024x944.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy-300x277.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy-768x708.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy-1536x1417.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/larynx-anatomy.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 5. Laryngeal ligaments and membranes&nbsp;<\/strong>(Credit: OpenStax, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laryngeal folds<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vestibular folds<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vocal folds<\/h4><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ligaments and membranes<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extrinsic ligaments and membranes<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thyrohyoid membrane<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Intrinsic ligaments and membranes<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quadrangular membrane<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conus elasticus<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vocal ligament<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cricothyroid membrane<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical information<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laryngeal folds The laryngeal folds are flaps of tissue located within the larynx internally, below the laryngeal inlet. There are two types of laryngeal folds: Vestibular fold Vocal folds Vestibular folds The&nbsp;vestibular&nbsp;or&nbsp;ventricular&nbsp;folds&nbsp;(\u201cfalse\u201d vocal cords) are formed by the inferior edge of the quadrangular membrane. The vestibular folds extend from the thyroid to the arytenoid. Vocal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2113,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2134","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Laryngeal folds, ligaments, and membranes &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/neck\/larynx\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/neck\\\/larynx\\\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/neck\\\/larynx\\\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\\\/\",\"name\":\"Laryngeal folds, ligaments, and membranes &#8211; Meddists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/neck\\\/larynx\\\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/neck\\\/larynx\\\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/larynx-cross-section.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-09T10:50:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-10-29T15:57:36+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/neck\\\/larynx\\\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/neck\\\/larynx\\\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/neck\\\/larynx\\\/laryngeal-membranes-ligaments-and-folds\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/larynx-cross-section.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/larynx-cross-section.png\",\"width\":520,\"height\":276,\"caption\":\"Figure 2. 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