{"id":2103,"date":"2020-09-07T09:30:56","date_gmt":"2020-09-07T09:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/head-and-neck\/head\/oral-cavity\/teeth\/"},"modified":"2020-09-16T12:50:35","modified_gmt":"2020-09-16T10:50:35","slug":"teeth","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/","title":{"rendered":"Teeth"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Description<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">Found within the alveolar arches and embedded within the gingiva, the teeth are the hardest tissues of the human body. They function to mechanically prepare food for swallowing and digestion, aid in speech, as well as serve a defensive role (biting).<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"607\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth-1024x607.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth-1024x607.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth-1536x911.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth-2048x1214.png 2048w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. The teeth<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Description<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The teeth can be classified based on their emergence and shape. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In most cases, the first teeth begin to emerge at the age of 6 months.<\/li><li>By the age of 3, most children have 20 <strong>deciduous <\/strong>(<strong>primary<\/strong>) teeth.<\/li><li>As early as the age of 6, the primary teeth start falling out, being replaced by 32 <strong>permanent<\/strong> (<strong>secondary<\/strong>) teeth.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Generally, we divide the alveolar arches into 4 quadrants; in adults, each quadrant consists of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>2 incisors<\/li><li>1 canine<\/li><li>2 premolars<\/li><li>3 molars<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are numbered 1-32, starting from the upper-right 3rd molar (1), in a a clockwork direction down to the lower-right 3rd molar (32).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The shape and location of each tooth determines its function (tearing, slicing, cutting, and grinding).<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Surfaces<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The surface of the teeth can be identified as&nbsp;<strong>labial<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>buccal&nbsp;<\/strong>and&nbsp;<strong>lingual<\/strong>&nbsp;depending on the direction they are facing, while the masticatory surface is called&nbsp;<strong>occlusal<\/strong>&nbsp;surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The orientation of the teeth towards each other can be either&nbsp;<strong>distal<\/strong>&nbsp;(lateral) or&nbsp;<strong>mesial<\/strong>&nbsp;(medial).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mesial_distal.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Teeth\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mesial_distal.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6648\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>FIgure 2. Red margins marking the distal (lateral) and mesial (medial) orientations<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Anatomy<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The parts of the tooth include the&nbsp;<strong>crown<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>neck,<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>root<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When we define crown, we have to take in mind the different terminologies \u2013 the&nbsp;<strong>anatomical crown<\/strong>&nbsp;(the surface covered by enamel, the toughest substance in our body) and the<strong>&nbsp;clinical crown<\/strong>&nbsp;(the visible surface above the gingivae).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>anatomical crown<\/strong> is the part of the tooth covered by <strong>enamel<\/strong>, the toughest part of the tooth (and the human body).<\/li><li>The <strong>clinical crown<\/strong> is the part of the tooth that is visible above the gingiva (which is smaller than the anatomical crown).<\/li><li>The neck and root are characterized by the presence of&nbsp;a mineralized cover known as <strong>cementum<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Deep to the enamel and cementum is the <strong>dentin<\/strong>,<\/li><li>The most inferior part of the root contains the<strong>&nbsp;apical foramen<\/strong>&nbsp;through which the neurovasculature passes.<\/li><li>The root of the tooth is fixed to the surrounding tissue through the&nbsp;<strong>periodontal ligament<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The deepest part of the tooth, known as the <strong>pulp cavity<\/strong>, contains the vessels and nerves supplying the tooth, and opening into the apical <\/li><li>Surrounding the cavity is the <strong>dentin<\/strong>, which is much softer than the enamel.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_18234\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/tooth.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Teeth\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/tooth-600x451.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18234\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 3. Anatomy of the tooth<\/strong>&nbsp;(Credit: OpenStax,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Neurovasculature<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since the teeth of the maxilla are completely separate from those of the mandible, they are generally supplied, drained, and innervated differently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"pure-table\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Blood supply<\/strong><\/td><td>The maxillary teeth by the\u00a0superior alveolar\u00a0arteries\u00a0(anterior, middle\u00a0and\u00a0posterior),\u00a0and to the mandibular teeth by the\u00a0inferior\u00a0alveolar\u00a0artery\u00a0\u2014 they are all branches of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/head-and-neck\/neurovasculature\/blood-vessels-hn\/maxillary-artery\/\">maxillary artery<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Venous drainage<\/strong><\/td><td>Blood from both the maxillary and mandibular teeth will drain to corresponding veins (superior (anterior, middle and posterior) and inferior alveolar veins), and will end up in the\u00a0pterygoid venous plexus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Innervation<\/strong><\/td><td>The maxillary teeth by the\u00a0superior\u00a0alveolar nerves\u00a0(anterior, middle,\u00a0and\u00a0posterior)\u00a0from the\u00a0maxillary nerve\u00a0(CN V2), and the mandibular teeth are supplied by the\u00a0inferior alveolar nerve\u00a0from\u00a0the mandibular nerve\u00a0(CN V3) \u2014 both the maxillary and mandibular nerves are branches of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/head-and-neck\/neurovasculature\/innervation\/trigeminal-nerve-cn-v\/\">trigeminal nerve<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lymphatic drainage<\/strong><\/td><td>The maxillary teeth drain to the submandibular lymph nodes, while the mandibular teeth drain mostly to the submental lymph nodes<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption><strong>Table 1. Neurovasculature of the teeth<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Description<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Surfaces<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anatomy<\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neurovasculature<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Description Description The teeth can be classified based on their emergence and shape. In most cases, the first teeth begin to emerge at the age of 6 months. By the age of 3, most children have 20 deciduous (primary) teeth. As early as the age of 6, the primary teeth start falling out, being replaced [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2098,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2103","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Teeth &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\\\/teeth\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\\\/teeth\\\/\",\"name\":\"Teeth &#8211; Meddists\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\\\/teeth\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\\\/teeth\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/mouth-teeth-1024x607.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-09-07T09:30:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-09-16T10:50:35+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\\\/teeth\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\\\/teeth\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\\\/teeth\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/mouth-teeth-1024x607.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/09\\\/mouth-teeth-1024x607.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\\\/teeth\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pre-clinical\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Anatomy\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Skull, head, and neck\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Head\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":6,\"name\":\"Mouth and oral cavity\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/anatomy\\\/skull-head-and-neck\\\/head\\\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":7,\"name\":\"Teeth\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/\",\"name\":\"Meddists\",\"description\":\"Let&#039;s Get Studying\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Teeth &#8211; Meddists","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/","name":"Teeth &#8211; Meddists","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth-1024x607.png","datePublished":"2020-09-07T09:30:56+00:00","dateModified":"2020-09-16T10:50:35+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth-1024x607.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/mouth-teeth-1024x607.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/teeth\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pre-clinical","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Anatomy","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Skull, head, and neck","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Head","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":6,"name":"Mouth and oral cavity","item":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/skull-head-and-neck\/head\/mouth-and-oral-cavity\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":7,"name":"Teeth"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/","name":"Meddists","description":"Let&#039;s Get Studying","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2103"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2253,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2103\/revisions\/2253"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}