{"id":1934,"date":"2020-08-19T13:30:17","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T13:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/amino-acid-metabolism\/tetrahydrofolate-and-c1-transfer\/"},"modified":"2021-12-10T23:51:55","modified_gmt":"2021-12-10T21:51:55","slug":"tetrahydrofolate-and-c1-transfer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/amino-acid-metabolism\/tetrahydrofolate-and-c1-transfer\/","title":{"rendered":"Tetrahydrofolate and C1 Transfer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/h3>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

C1 units are essential for nucleotide synthesis, to keep enough in the human body we are following the transfer which starts from the folic acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Folic acid is a vitamin derivative that can be found in green salads for example. The proper level supports transmethylation by generating enough FH4<\/sub> into the C1 cycle. <\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Figure 1. C1 transfer side<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\n

C1 transfer and its importance<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
  1. If you eat proper amount of green salad vitamin B9<\/sub> gives you the folic acid.
    <\/li>
  2. Folic acid is reduced by the Dihidrofolate-reductase (DHFR) enzyme 2 times, using NADPH as a cofactor and Tetrahydrofolate (FH4<\/sub>) is produced.
    <\/li>
  3. FH4<\/sub> is changing into the so called Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate by an enzymatic reaction of the Serine-hydroxymethyltransferase resulting in the CH2<\/sub>-FH4<\/sub>.
    <\/li>
  4. From this the process goes to formyl and formimino FH4, which later involved in the synthesis of the purine nucleotides.<\/li><\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

    Steps of the C1 transfer and the connection with the transmethylation<\/h3>\n<\/span>\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    1. The NADPH-dependent\u00a0dihydrofolate reductase<\/strong>\u00a0(DHFR) is responsible for the two-step reduction of dietary folates to tetrahydrofolate.<\/li>
    2. Serine serves methylene-FH4 in the reaction catalyzed by\u00a0serine hydroxymethyl transferase<\/strong>. Serine is converted reversibly to glycine in this reaction that also requires pyridoxal phosphate and tetrahydrofolate. This reaction is reversible in vitro<\/em>.<\/li>
    3. Histidine degradation and tryptophan metabolism also can serve C1 units, in the form of formimino-FH4 and formyl-FH4<\/li>
    4. Methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase<\/strong>\u00a0(MTHFD) is a trifunctional enzyme involved in the reversible interconversion of methylene- methenyl- and formyl-FH4 molecules.<\/li>
    5. Formyl-FH4 is an important precursor for de novo<\/em> purine nucleotide synthesis.<\/li>
    6. The complete cycle requires the action of\u00a0DHFR<\/strong>.<\/li>
    7. Quantitatively the most important use of the one-carbon FH4 derivatives is the remethylation reaction to regenerate MET from homocysteine. This reaction requires the reduction of methylene-FH4 to methyl-FH4 by\u00a0methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase<\/strong>\u00a0(MTHFR).<\/li>
    8. MTHFR catalyzes an irreversible reaction. It requires FAD cofactor and NADPH as a reducing agent.<\/li>
    9. Methionine synthase<\/strong>\u00a0(MS) requires methylcobalamine (methyl-B12) as a cofactor and the cycle goes on with the\u00a0Transmethylation.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

      References<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

      Snider MDS. Devlin\u2019s Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations<\/strong>, the 8th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2020; 2019.<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/span>

      <\/h3>

      C1 transfer and its importance<\/h2>

      Steps of the C1 transfer and the connection with the transmethylation<\/h3>

      References<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      C1 transfer and its importance If you eat proper amount of green salad vitamin B9 gives you the folic acid. Folic acid is reduced by the Dihidrofolate-reductase (DHFR) enzyme 2 times, using NADPH as a cofactor and Tetrahydrofolate (FH4) is produced. FH4 is changing into the so called Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate by an enzymatic reaction of the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1714,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1934","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nTetrahydrofolate and C1 Transfer – Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/amino-acid-metabolism\/tetrahydrofolate-and-c1-transfer\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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