{"id":1926,"date":"2020-08-19T13:30:17","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T13:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/amino-acid-metabolism\/amino-acid-metabolism-of-tissues\/"},"modified":"2021-12-08T16:41:01","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T14:41:01","slug":"amino-acid-metabolism-of-tissues","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/amino-acid-metabolism\/amino-acid-metabolism-of-tissues\/","title":{"rendered":"Amino Acid Metabolism of Tissues"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The amino acid metabolism between the organs can work only if we could have a transport molecule, which is water-soluble. Ammonia is not really the best option due to the fact that it influences in a bad way the blood pH levels, the instead water-soluble amino acid will be the solution which is the GLUTAMINE. 100 % of the food supplement cases are L-GLN is there, to provide the transportable form of nitrogen. <\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Intestines<\/strong> utilize GLU, GLN, ASN, ASP and release NH4<\/sub>+<\/sup>, ALA and CITRULLINE into the portal vein (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muscle<\/strong> releases ALA and GLN. Muscle is the place of the high capacity transamination of the branched-chain amino acids. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The brain<\/strong> uses Glu, Asp, and Gly as neurotransmitters. There are amine oxidase reactions continuously producing NH4+<\/sup>\u00a0that is carried away in the form of Gln.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Figure 1. Transport between the organs<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Liver<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

The liver is the centre of amino acid metabolism. There is a zonal heterogeneity of the liver (periportal and perivenous cells). Periportal cells express glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) and the enzymes of the urea cycle while perivenous cells are the place of glutamine synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

Kidney<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

In the kidney the glutaminase activity releases NH4<\/sub>+<\/sup>, and it is excreted together with urea synthesized by the liver. Rapidly dividing cells utilize GLN utilization to produce \u03b1-KG. Gln is also an essential precursor of nucleotide synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span>\n

References<\/h2>\n<\/span>\n\n\n

Snider MDS. Devlin\u2019s Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations<\/strong>, the 8th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2020; 2019.<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/span>

Liver<\/h2>

Kidney<\/h2>

References<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Intestines utilize GLU, GLN, ASN, ASP and release NH4+, ALA and CITRULLINE into the portal vein (Figure 1). Muscle releases ALA and GLN. Muscle is the place of the high capacity transamination of the branched-chain amino acids. The brain uses Glu, Asp, and Gly as neurotransmitters. There are amine oxidase reactions continuously producing NH4+\u00a0that is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1714,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1926","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nAmino Acid Metabolism of Tissues – Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/amino-acid-metabolism\/amino-acid-metabolism-of-tissues\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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