{"id":1857,"date":"2020-08-18T13:29:51","date_gmt":"2020-08-18T13:29:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/lipid-metabolism\/type-1-diabetes-mellitus\/"},"modified":"2021-12-01T07:14:54","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T05:14:54","slug":"type-1-diabetes-mellitus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/medical-lipid\/type-1-diabetes-mellitus\/","title":{"rendered":"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\">Several types of diabetes are known, the two main groups being type 1 diabetes (formerly known as IDDM: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and type 2 diabetes (formerly known as NIDDM: non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), in addition to gestational diabetes. In determining each type, it is irrelevant what therapy the patient is currently being treated with, so it is not possible to categorize the disease based on whether the patient is being treated with medication or insulin therapy, as both therapies may occur in type 2 diabetes.<\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Type 1 DM<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In most cases, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#d9feef\">The common part between the virus infection and the death of the beta cells stems from the common proteins on the surface which are being recognized by the immune cells and the consequently produced antibodies against the pathogens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a result, the pancreas produces no or very little insulin, so people with type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily (several times a day) and not be treated with medication.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Lipid42.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Lipid42-1024x782.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8607\" width=\"407\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Lipid42-1024x782.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Lipid42-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Lipid42-768x586.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Lipid42-1536x1173.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Lipid42-2048x1563.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Death of the beta-cells<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Environmental factors<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some relatively common viruses, such as rubella, mumps, or Echo viruses, are considered to be the causative agents in the development of diabetes. The antigens of these viruses are similar to the antigens of \u00df-cells, so it is believed that the substances produced by the body against the viruses also damage the cells in the pancreas.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Detection of type 1 diabetes<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are diagnosed primarily in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes, but basically, their development is not age-related. Because insulin-producing cells die quickly and permanently in type 1 diabetes, the disease develops quickly and can only be treated with insulin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common symptoms of type 1 diabetes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>weight loss in children<\/li><li>heavy fluid intake<\/li><li>significant urination<\/li><li>increased appetite<\/li><li>fatigue, lethargy<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common comorbidities in type 1 diabetes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Basedow-Graves disease<\/li><li>Hashimoto&#8217;s thyroiditis<\/li><li>Addison&#8217;s disease<\/li><li>celiac disease (autonomic gluten sensitivity)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">References<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S<span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">nider MDS. Devlin\u2019s <strong>Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations<\/strong>, the 8th Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Incorporated, 2020; 2019.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Type 1 DM<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Environmental factors<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Detection of type 1 diabetes<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Type 1 DM In most cases, type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas (Figure 1). The common part between the virus infection and the death of the beta cells stems from the common proteins on the surface which are being [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1713,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1857","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/medical-lipid\/type-1-diabetes-mellitus\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\\\/medical-lipid\\\/type-1-diabetes-mellitus\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\\\/medical-lipid\\\/type-1-diabetes-mellitus\\\/\",\"name\":\"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus &#8211; 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