{"id":1853,"date":"2020-08-18T13:29:51","date_gmt":"2020-08-18T13:29:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/lipid-metabolism\/metabolism-of-the-stravation-feeding-cycle\/"},"modified":"2021-11-18T06:51:16","modified_gmt":"2021-11-18T04:51:16","slug":"metabolism-of-the-stravation-feeding-cycle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/lipid-metabolism\/metabolism-of-the-stravation-feeding-cycle\/","title":{"rendered":"Metabolism of the Starvation-Feeding Cycle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\"> The metabolic processes with which we are affected during the Starvation-Feeding cycle are: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>glycogenesis,<\/li><li>glycogenolysis,<\/li><li>gluconeogenesis,<\/li><li>glycolysis,<\/li><li>fatty acid synthesis,<\/li><li>lipogenesis,<\/li><li>lipolysis,<\/li><li>fatty acid oxidation,<\/li><li>tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, and<\/li><li>Ketogenesis <\/div><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Sources of Blood Glucose: Different Phases of Glucose Homeostasis<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Gluconeogenesis<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID23.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Metabolism of the Starvation-Feeding Cycle\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID23-1024x775.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8172\" width=\"512\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID23-1024x775.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID23-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID23-768x582.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID23-1536x1163.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID23-2048x1551.png 2048w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID23.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. STAGE I.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">Is the well-fed state, in which glucose is provided by dietary carbohydrates is exhausted, <strong>hepatic glycogenolysis<\/strong> maintains blood glucose levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#cefdea\">Hepatic gluconeogenesis from <strong>lactate, glycerol<\/strong> and <strong>alanine<\/strong> becomes increasingly crucial. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">These changes happen within 20 hours of fasting, depending on how well-fed the individual was before the fast, how much hepatic glycogen was present, and the type of physical activity happening during the fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID24.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Metabolism of the Starvation-Feeding Cycle\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID24-1024x784.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8179\" width=\"512\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID24-1024x784.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID24-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID24-768x588.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID24-1536x1176.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID24-2048x1568.png 2048w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID24.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 2. Fasting &#8211; Ketones<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Fasting and ketone body management<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#d5e7f6\">Several days of fasting lead to change: <strong>gluconeogenesis decreases<\/strong>. At this point, <strong>ketone bodies<\/strong> have accumulated to sufficient levels to allow them to enter the brain and meet some of its energy needs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">Renal gluconeogenesis also gets significant in this phase.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Extreme starvation<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This happens after the very extended starvation of extremely obese individuals and is characterised by even less dependence on gluconeogenesis. In this phase, the energy required of almost every tissue is fulfilled mainly by fatty acid or ketone body oxidation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID25.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Metabolism of the Starvation-Feeding Cycle\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID25-1024x799.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8182\" width=\"512\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID25-1024x799.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID25-300x234.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID25-768x599.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID25-1536x1198.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID25-2048x1597.png 2048w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID25.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 3. Extreme starvation<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">As long as ketone body concentrations are high and glucose levels are maintained, proteolysis will be restricted, perhaps by small amounts of insulin still produced by the pancreas, and preservation of muscle proteins and enzymes will occur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">This proceeds until almost all of the fat is used up and ketone body levels fall. <strong>As soon as all of the fat is gone, the body has to use muscle protein to maintain blood sugar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">References<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S<span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">nider MDS. Devlin\u2019s <strong>Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations<\/strong>, the 8th Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Incorporated, 2020; 2019.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources of Blood Glucose: Different Phases of Glucose Homeostasis<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gluconeogenesis<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fasting and ketone body management<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extreme starvation<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sources of Blood Glucose: Different Phases of Glucose Homeostasis Gluconeogenesis Is the well-fed state, in which glucose is provided by dietary carbohydrates is exhausted, hepatic glycogenolysis maintains blood glucose levels. Hepatic gluconeogenesis from lactate, glycerol and alanine becomes increasingly crucial. These changes happen within 20 hours of fasting, depending on how well-fed the individual was [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1712,"menu_order":16,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1853","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Metabolism of the Starvation-Feeding Cycle &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/lipid-metabolism\/metabolism-of-the-stravation-feeding-cycle\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\\\/lipid-metabolism\\\/metabolism-of-the-stravation-feeding-cycle\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\\\/lipid-metabolism\\\/metabolism-of-the-stravation-feeding-cycle\\\/\",\"name\":\"Metabolism of the Starvation-Feeding Cycle &#8211; 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