{"id":1847,"date":"2020-08-18T13:26:46","date_gmt":"2020-08-18T13:26:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/lipid-metabolism\/degradation-of-free-fatty-acids\/"},"modified":"2021-11-12T08:10:44","modified_gmt":"2021-11-12T06:10:44","slug":"degradation-of-free-fatty-acids","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/lipid-metabolism\/degradation-of-free-fatty-acids\/","title":{"rendered":"Degradation of Free Fatty Acids"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><div class=\"intro\"> The degradation of the fatty acids are the cutting process by which the chain is going to be shorter by 2C atoms, which is basically an ACETYL-COA <\/div><\/p>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Different types of fatty acids<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are major (and minor) pathways of FFA degradation, based on the nature of the fatty acids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The basic law of synthesis and degradation is the same:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ONLY +2C\/-2C units are added or removed while synthesis or degradation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">90% of the FFAs are degraded via&nbsp;<strong>beta-oxidation<\/strong>, occurring with&nbsp;<strong>fatty acid chains (4-16C)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Beta-Oxidation<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID16.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Degradation of Free Fatty Acids\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID16-1024x577.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8070\" width=\"512\" height=\"289\" srcset=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID16-1024x577.png 1024w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID16-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID16-768x433.png 768w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID16-1536x866.png 1536w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID16-2048x1155.png 2048w, https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/LIPID16.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Figure 1. Comparison between FA synthesis and degradation<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">The beta-oxidation occurs in the mitochondria, in which the opposite reactions are going to happen what happens in the synthesis (<a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/lipid-metabolism\/synthesis-of-fatty-acids-lipogenesis\/\">Synthesis of Fatty Acids \u2014 Lipogenesis<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There we mentioned four reactions, here the opposite are the followings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-background wp-block-list\" style=\"background-color:#cef9e8\"><li><strong>activation<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>oxydation<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>hydration<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>oxydation<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2C+ 2C<\/strong> = Acetyl-CoA + Acetyl-CoA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The results potentially can be: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2C + 3C <\/strong>= Acetyl-CoA + <strong>Propionyl-CoA<\/strong><br><br><strong>3C \u2013 Malonyl-CoA\u00a0<\/strong>(Accidentally produced malonyl-CoA appearance confuses the body whether to use it for synthesis, it will block the carnitine transport if the level increases)<br><br><strong>3C \u2013 Propionyl-CoA\u00a0<\/strong>(from it Succinyl-CoA is produced which will support the TCA cycle)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">4C \u2013 Butyryl-CoA<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Alternative oxidation types<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If we are talking about longer fatty acid chains or unsaturated; odd\/numbered chains our body uses different types of oxidation.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Alpha-oxidation<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This pathway occurs when\u00a0<strong>odd-numbered fatty acid chain<\/strong>\u00a0degradation happens. The end product is more about 2C+3C Propionyl-CoA which will go through a conversation to form Succinyl-CoA (2 steps of carboxylation). Later on, it goes to support the TCA cycle.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Omega-oxidation<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The process is a minor pathway for medium-chain fatty acids (10C-12C), but it is essential when \u03b2-oxidation is not working effectively. The end-products are more about keto-acid like molecules: succinic-acid; adipic-acid.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Peroxisomal-oxidation<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If we consider that the long-chain fatty acid degradation needs several oxidations that generate free H<sup>+<\/sup>\u00a0and beside hydroxylation also occurs, accidentally with these steps we are making reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are harmful to the cell. To avoid these damaging results, the long-chain fatty acids degradation occurs in the peroxisome in which the enzymes can take care of the reactive forms with the peroxidase enzymes, preventing harm to the cell.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">References<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S<span style=\"font-size: revert; color: initial;\">nider MDS. Devlin\u2019s <strong>Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations<\/strong>, the 8th Edition. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Incorporated, 2020; 2019.<\/span>  <\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Different types of fatty acids<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Beta-Oxidation<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alternative oxidation types<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alpha-oxidation<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Omega-oxidation<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Peroxisomal-oxidation<\/h2><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Different types of fatty acids There are major (and minor) pathways of FFA degradation, based on the nature of the fatty acids. The basic law of synthesis and degradation is the same: ONLY +2C\/-2C units are added or removed while synthesis or degradation 90% of the FFAs are degraded via&nbsp;beta-oxidation, occurring with&nbsp;fatty acid chains (4-16C). [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1712,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1847","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Degradation of Free Fatty Acids &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/biochemistry\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\/lipid-metabolism\/degradation-of-free-fatty-acids\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\\\/lipid-metabolism\\\/degradation-of-free-fatty-acids\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/meddists.com\\\/learn\\\/pre-clinical\\\/biochemistry\\\/biochemistry-of-the-metabolism\\\/lipid-metabolism\\\/degradation-of-free-fatty-acids\\\/\",\"name\":\"Degradation of Free Fatty Acids &#8211; 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