{"id":1787,"date":"2020-08-17T13:27:42","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T13:27:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/heart\/electrical-conduction-system\/"},"modified":"2020-08-17T14:15:21","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T14:15:21","slug":"electrical-conduction-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/heart\/electrical-conduction-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Electrical Conduction System"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main function of the conducting system of the heart is to generate and transmits the electrical impulses in order to produce coordinated contractions between the chambers of the heart during the cardiac cycle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The conducting system consists of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nodal tissue&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 Pacemaker cells that initiate the heartbeat and coordinates the contractions of heart chambers<\/li><li><strong>Highly specialized conducting fibers&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 For the rapid transmission of the electrical signals to the different areas of the heart<\/li><li><strong>Cardiac muscle cells&nbsp;<\/strong>\u2014 Allow the propagation of the electrical signal allowing the chamber walls are able to contract simultaneously<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_1\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title1\">Nodal tissue \u2014 The pacemakers<\/h2>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_1\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pacemakers of the heart generate posses an intrinsic electrical activity meaning they can generate electrical impulses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the human heart there are<strong>&nbsp;two nodes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sinoatrial node<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Atrioventricular node<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_2\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">The SA node<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_2\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The SA node is referred to as&nbsp;a small group of pacemaking cells, specialized cardiac muscle fibers, and fibroelastic connective tissue which has a characteristic of an intrinsic electrical activity<\/li><li>It located at the place where the superior vena cava drains into the right atrium, near the superior end of the sulcus terminalis.<\/li><li>The normal range for sinus rhythm is 60-100 beats\/minute with an average of 70 beats\/minute.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_3\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\"><strong>Blood supply:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_3\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>60% of the people, the right coronary artery supplies the notal tissue<\/li><li>40% of the people, the left coronary supplies it<\/li><li>Whatever the case, the branch that supplies it is the atrial branch<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_4\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Innervation<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_4\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sympathetic innervation (superior five or six thoracic segments of the spinal cord)&nbsp;stimulate its rhythm<\/li><li>Parasympathetic innervation (vagus nerve) decreasing its rhythm<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/2018_Conduction_System_of_Heart.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5342\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The conducting system of the heart \u2014&nbsp;OpenStax College \u2014&nbsp;CC-BY 3.0<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_5\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Atrioventricular node (AV node)<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_5\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Compared to the SA node, the AV is a much smaller&nbsp;group of nodal tissue.<\/li><li>Located&nbsp;at the level of the right atrial ventricular wall ( AV septum), opposite to the origination of the coronary sinus<\/li><li>Another description of the AV node\u2019s location can be described as within&nbsp;<strong>Koch\u2019s triangle<\/strong>:<ul><li><strong>Koch\u2019s<\/strong>&nbsp;triangle is an imaginary triangle found in the right atrium formed between the following structures:<ol><li><strong>Tendon of Todaro<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>The orifice of the coronary sinus<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Septal cusp of the tricuspid valve<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"attachment_22141\"><a href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/koch.png\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Electrical Conduction System\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/koch-600x450.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22141\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>Lateral view of the heart displaying the open right chamber with Koch\u2019s triangle<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the SA node sends an electrical impulse, it propagates via the muscular wall of the right atrium towards the AV node, from where the electrical signal will be distributed to the&nbsp;ventricles through the AV bundle.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_6\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Blood supply<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_6\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>80% of people, Right coronary-&nbsp;branch of the posterior IV artery<\/li><li>20% of people, Left coronary<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_7\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">AV Bundle \u2014 the bundle of His<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_7\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Located between the AV node and the right and left bundles branches along the membranous part of the inter-ventricular septum.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_8\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title2\">Right and Left bundles branches<\/h3>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_8\">\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located within the muscular part of the inter-ventricular septum deep to the endocardium<\/li><li>Dispersed further into the Purkinje fibers<\/li><li>The branches of the right bundle stimulate the following:<ol><li>The muscle of the inter-ventricular septum<\/li><li>The anterior papillary muscle through the septomarginal trabecule (moderator band)<\/li><li>The wall of the right ventricle<\/li><\/ol><\/li><li>The left bundle divides near its origin into approximately six smaller tracts, which give rise to&nbsp;<strong>subendocardial branches<\/strong>&nbsp;that stimulate the interventricular septum, the anterior and posterior papillary muscles, and the wall of the left ventricle<\/li><li><strong>The moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)<\/strong>&nbsp;is a muscular strip within the heart tissue that found in the right&nbsp;ventricle&nbsp;of the heart<ul><li>Carries a part of the right bundle branch of the AV bundle to the anterior&nbsp;papillary muscle<\/li><li>This shortcut across the right ventricle has some connection with the conduction time, resulting in the coordinated contraction of the anterior papillary muscle<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<\/span><span class=\"block-heading\" id=\"header_9\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"title_collection title3\">Purkinje fibers<\/h4>\n<\/span><span class=\"block-content\" id=\"contents_9\">\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Extend into the walls of the respective ventricles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/meddists.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/800px-Conductionsystemoftheheart.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5385\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The electrical conducting system of the heart\u00a0<\/strong>\u2014 adapted from the work of\u00a0Madhero88\u2013\u00a0CC BY-SA 3.0<\/p>\n<\/span><div id=\"the_titles\" style=\"display:none;\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nodal tissue \u2014 The pacemakers<\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The SA node<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Blood supply:<\/strong><\/h4><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Innervation<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atrioventricular node (AV node)<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Blood supply<\/h4><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">AV Bundle \u2014 the bundle of His<\/h3><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Right and Left bundles branches<\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Purkinje fibers<\/h4><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The main function of the conducting system of the heart is to generate and transmits the electrical impulses in order to produce coordinated contractions between the chambers of the heart during the cardiac cycle The conducting system consists of: Nodal tissue&nbsp;\u2014 Pacemaker cells that initiate the heartbeat and coordinates the contractions of heart chambers Highly [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1773,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1787","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Electrical Conduction System &#8211; Meddists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/meddists.com\/learn\/pre-clinical\/anatomy\/thorax\/heart\/electrical-conduction-system\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. 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